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LESSON 3 /ʌ/
COMMON SPELLING PATTERNS
Highlight and click the word to listen to its pronunciation or click the play button to listen to all the words.
音声プレーヤーu gut, fund, rubber
o son, love, dove
ou cousin, enough
Source: (Mojsin, 2016)
HOW TO PRONOUNCE
- Open your mouth a bit.
- Mouth opening is slightly bigger than /ə/ (lesson 4).
- The back part of your tongue moves down a bit.
- Produce a very short sound. (アッ)
英語耳 p. 66
COMMON JAPANESE MISTAKE
Students usually pronounce this sound as /ɑ/.
MINIMAL PAIRS /ʌ/ /ɑ/
Highlight and click the word to listen to its pronunciation or click the play button to listen to all the words.
Read and listen to the differences between /ʌ/and /ɑ/.
Test your listening skill by asking someone to RANDOMLY read a word and try to guess which word was read.
音声プレーヤー/ ʌ / | /ɑ/ |
nut /nʌt / | not /nɑ:t / |
but /bʌt/ | bot /bɑ:t / |
luck /lʌk / | lock /lɑ:k / |
stump /stʌmp / | stomp /stɑ:mp / |
Note: Other references consider /ə/(unaccented) and /ʌ/ (accented) the same; however, these two are different. Refer to table 1.1. and the audio file (/ə/,/ʌ/ )
音声プレーヤーLET US PRACTICE
Practice pronouncing the /ʌ/ sound using the words below.
HOW TO PRACTICE
- LISTEN to the audio file.
- COPY how the words are pronounced.
- SLOWLY read the words.
- LOOK at your mouth and tongue movement using a MIRROR.
- ALWAYS practice.
TWO-SYLLABLE WORDS /ʌ/
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INITIAL
音声プレーヤー- ugly
/ʌ́gli/
- under
/ʌ́ndɚ/
- unknown
/ʌ̀nóun/
MEDIAL
音声プレーヤー- younger
/jʌ́ŋgɚ/
- enough
/inʌ́f/
- number
/nʌ́mbɚ
THREE-SYLLABLE WORDS /ʌ/
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INITIAL
音声プレーヤー- undamaged
/ʌndǽmidʒd/
- uppercase
/ʌ́pɚkeis/
- unsalted
ʌ̀nsɔ́ltid/
MEDIAL
音声プレーヤー- another
/ənʌ́ðɚ/
- countryside
/kʌ́ntrisaid/
- wonderful
/wʌ́ndɚfl/
LET US PHRASE IT
Highlight and click the word to listen to its pronunciation or click the play button to listen to all the words.
音声プレーヤー- toughen up
/tʌ́fn ʌ́p/
- under the sun
/ʌ́ndɚ ðə sʌ́n/
- uncle’s brother
/ʌ́ŋkls brʌ́ðɚ/
- young undercover
/jʌ́ŋ ʌ̀ndɚkʌ́vɚ/
TONGUE TWISTER
Highlight and click the word to listen to its pronunciation or click the play button to listen to all the words.
音声プレーヤーMy brother loves summer months in the countryside.
/mai brʌ́ðɚ lʌ́vs sʌ́mɚ mʌ́nts in ðə kʌ́ntri:said/