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we have been covering this conflict for long before this week. If you are trying to study up on the conflict, here are some of our pieces from the last few years that may offer useful background. A thread:

午後1:24 · 2020年10月4日Twitter Web App

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A dispatch from Kelbajar, one of the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, formerly entirely populated by ethnic Azerbaijanis, that have been gradually settled by ethnic Armenians. This has been one of the key sticking points between the two sides.

For Armenians, they're not occupied territories – they're the homeland

As Armenian settlement in the disputed territories grows, it becomes more difficult to imagine a peace deal with Azerbaijan. Some say that's the point

A report on the Azerbaijanis displaced from the areas now under control by Armenian forces. A generation after the war, parents are trying to make sure their children maintain the same devotion to that land that they do:

Azerbaijanis displaced by war seek to keep memories alive

A new generation of Azerbaijanis is growing up with no firsthand memory of the land from which their parents were displaced, and which the government vows to take back

A dispatch from Talish, an Armenian village right on the front line (which Azerbaijanis claim to have captured yesterday): eurasianet.org/karabakh-villa. It was destroyed in 2016, and its former residents were wary of cooperating with efforts to rebuild it and for them to move back.

Karabakh villagers wary of returning to showcase village on frontline

The need for a morale boost in Nagorno-Karabakh is clashing with the basic needs of the people who are supposed to live on the frontline.

For more background,

wrote the essential book for understanding the foundations of the conflict. You should read it, but you could start with my review here:

Book Review | Armenia and Azerbaijan’s enduring rivalry

A new book details how dueling, yet mutually reinforcing geopolitical identities have locked Armenians and Azerbaijanis into an intractable rivalry. Review by @joshuakucera

Last year, there was a brief moment of optimism that serious peace negotiations between Armenia and Azerbaijan might be possible, as the two sides issued a promise to “prepare the populations for peace”:

Armenia and Azerbaijan agree to “prepare populations for peace”

The foreign ministers of Armenia and Azerbaijan have met and agreed to work to "prepare their populations for peace."

There did briefly appear to be some fruit from the attempts to “prepare the populations for peace,” with a small retreat from both sides on the contentious wars over the historical narratives of the conflict:

On emotional anniversaries in the Caucasus, tentative signs of softening

This week’s commemorations of tragedies around the Armenia-Azerbaijan war tested the two sides’ promise “to prepare the populations for peace”

A few months later, though, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan visited Karabakh and announced that “Karabakh is Armenia – period!” To Azerbaijanis, that was the last nail in the coffin of the peace process.

Pashinyan calls for unification between Armenia and Karabakh

Armenia's prime minister has called for his country to be united with Nagorno-Karabakh, the territory at the center of the conflict with Azerbaijan

Meanwhile, Azerbaijan’s government has been increasingly casting doubt on Armenians’ own historical claim to the current territory of Armenia, by claiming that the area is “really” historically Turkic:

Azerbaijan President Calls for Return to “Historic Lands” in Armenia

The question of “historical lands” in the Caucasus is a fraught one.

Even as relations deteriorated, there was a notable first last year: journalists from Armenia and Karabakh visited Azerbaijan, and vice versa. It could have gone worse:

Armenian, Azerbaijani journalists make landmark exchange

Armenian and Azerbaijani journalists have made mutual visits to the other side in a rare exchange, producing reports that have provided a small human connection between the rival nations

Improbably, the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan held a public debate on their conflict earlier this year in Munich. It couldn’t have gone much worse:

Armenian, Azerbaijani leaders spar in unprecedented public debate

The leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan sparred yesterday in an unprecedented public debate. While the two men scored points with audiences back home, the event seems unlikely to have advanced the...

Still, ceasefire violations had been markedly down until recently. Part of the reason appeared to be the coronavirus:

Coronavirus quiets fighting between Armenia and Azerbaijan

The conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan has abated since the start of the coronavirus outbreak, following early fears that one or both sides might seek to take advantage of the chaos for military...

The two sides still managed to find more history to dispute: this time, who collaborated more with fascists during World War II.

Armenia, Azerbaijan trade Nazi collaboration accusations

As if fighting over their own past is not enough, the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan have expanded the field of battle to include the most contentious historical issue in the post-Soviet space:...

Relatively heavy fighting broke out in July, the worst since 2016. eurasianet.org/fighting-betwe And the respective stories that the two sides’ media told about the conflict were remarkably similar – just with the roles reversed:

Armenia, Azerbaijan see mirror images in conflict

In the worst fighting between Armenia and Azerbaijan in years, the two countries’ media have been reporting opposing, but parallel, stories

eurasianet.org

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