Mochan

According to a Chinese living in Japan, the People's Liberation Army newspaper writes a false story like "the Nanking Massacre was directed by the Emperor of Japan,” and says that the darkness of Japanese militarism will never be eliminated unless the Emperor is executed.

Some Chinese believe this is true and shout that they would massacre in Tokyo. Do not be fooled by such propaganda. So I would like to summarize the facts simply for easy to understand.

Fact 1 / Burial Record After the fall of Nanjing, the Japanese army entrusted the burial work of the corpses of war victims inside and outside the Nanking castle to the Red Swastika Society. According to this burial record, the total number of corpses was 43,023.

The number of women corpses was 83 and that of children was 46. In other words, the proportion of women and children was only 0.3%.

Fact 2 / Smythe Report Three months after the fall of Nanjing, Professor Lewis S. C. Smythe of Jinling University (Nanjing University) conducted a statistical survey on the damage situation of citizens. This is the so-called Smythe Report.*

According to this, when the fall of Nanjing (December 12-13), city population was 200,000-250,000 and in late March it was 250,000-270,000. And the # of citizen victims of the Nanjing city was 3,400. (* War Damage in Nanking Area, Dec.1937 to March 1938, Urban and Rural Surveys )

Fact 3 / Safety Zone Professor Hsu Shu-hsi (徐淑希) of Yanjing University (燕京大学) published the “Documents of the Nanking Safety Zone (南京安全区攩案)” in 1939 by collecting protest documents prepared by the International Committee for Nanking Safety Zone

who protected Nanjing citizens. According to this, there were 26 murders (53 victims), 175 rapes, 131 thefts, and other incidents after the fall of Nanjing.

Fact 4 / War Deaths According to the "A History of the Battle of Nanjing Garrison"(南京衛戍戦史話) recorded by Tan Dao-ping (譚道平) of Nanking Defense Headquarters, the total force of the KMT was 81,000 and the number of war deaths was 36,500.

Fact 5 / Tokyo Tribunal Commander Matsui, who commanded the Battle of Nanking, was executed as a Class B** war criminal at the Tokyo Tribunal.* He was not a war criminal of Class A or C. He was found innocent on the count 54

(execution of the massacre, command, authorization, permission), and guilty only on the count 55 (POWs and citizens' protection obligation). The text of judgment said, "He must be held criminally responsible for his failure to protect the unfortunate citizens of Nanking.”

(* The International Military Tribunal for the Far East) (** Class A : crimes against peace, Class B : war crimes, and Class C : crimes against humanity)

Fact 6 / Executions The following units executed about 16,000 defeated soldiers. However, no one has been convicted as a war crime among the division chiefs or regiment commanders of these units.

The 7th Regiment of the 9th Division, the 33rd Regiment of the 16th Division, the 30th Brigade of the 16th Division, the 66th Regiment of the 114th Division and the 65th Regiment of the 13th Division.

Based on above facts, we can lead the following discussions. Discussion 1 / Women and Children The fact that the proportion of women and children in the corpses of Nanking was 0.3% indicates that there was no systematic massacre against the citizens.

On the other hand, the Tokyo Air Raid in 1945 was an indiscriminate attack on citizens. The proportion of minors among the victims is about 40%.

Discussion 2 / Citizen Victims If the number of war dead is 36,500 and the citizen victims is 3,400, the proportion of citizen victim is 8.5%. For example, the proportion of citizen victims is 50% for Okinawa battle during World War II,

47% for Berlin falls, and 75% for Iraq warfare in 2003. Then, in fact, the proportion of citizen victims was relatively small in the Battle of Nanking.

Discussion 3 / City Population As you can see from the "Smythe Report" and the "Documents of the Nanking Safety Zone (南京安全区攩案)," the recorded number of citizen victims and incidents is too small to be called “Nanking Massacre.” In fact, according to "Smythe Report",

the population of city has increased from the fall of Nanjing to March of the following year.

Discussion 4 / Judgment Commander Matsui ordered the cleansing of the soldiers lurking in the safety zone. Nonetheless, he was found innocent on the count 54 (execution of the massacre,

command, authorization, permission) as mentioned above. That is, the Allies proved that there was no systematic massacre under Matsui’s command.

Discussion 5 / Legality The fact that there were no war criminals among the division chiefs or regiment commanders of the division who executed the defeated soldiers indicates that the execution of soldiers was regarded as legal actions also in standards of Allies.

Conclusion Knowing above contents as an outline, you will be able to understand the facts of Nanking. The number of 300,000 victims will never come out from anywhere, even if total number of war dead is taken into account.

And as the Tokyo Tribunal showed, it is too excessive to condemn the execution of the defeated soldiers. People who want to claim more victims should show evidence. And it is also necessary to distinguish between war dead and massacre victims.