Composite two images according to a mask image with Python, Pillow
In the Image module of the image processing library Pillow (PIL) of Python, composite() for compositing two images according to a mask image is provided.
Here, the following contents will be described.
- Parameters of
Image.composite() - Sample code of
Image.composite()- Composite the whole area at a uniform rate
- Create mask image by drawing
- Use existing image as mask image
Please refer to the following post for the installation and basic usage of Pillow (PIL).
- Related post: How to use Pillow (PIL: Python Imaging Library)
Note that composite() is a method to composite two images of the same size. Use the paste() to composite images of different sizes. paste() allows you to mask a small image and paste it anywhere on the large image.
- Related post: Paste another image into an image with Python, Pillow
Image composition is possible with OpenCV and NumPy instead of Pillow. See the article below.
Parameters of Image.composite()
There are three parameers for composite(). All three must be Image objects, all of the same size.
image1, image2
Two images to composite.
mask
Mask image.
mode must be one of the following three types.
1: 1 bit image (binary image)L: 8-bit grayscale imageRGBA: Image with alpha channel
image1 and image2 are alpha-blended according to the value of mask.
# For 1bit
result = mask * image1 + (1 - mask) * image2
# For 8bit
result = mask / 255 * image1 + (1 - mask / 255 ) * image2
Ssmple code of Image.composite()
Import Image from PIL and load images.
ImageDraw and ImageFilter are used when drawing a figure and creating a mask image. When reading an image file and using it as a mask image, they may be omitted.
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFilter
im1 = Image.open('data/src/lena.jpg')
im2 = Image.open('data/src/rocket.jpg').resize(im1.size)
This time, the second image is reduced by resize() to match the size. If you cut out part of the image and adjust the size, use crop(). See the post below.
- Related post: Crop a part of the image with Python, Pillow (trimming)
Composite the whole area at a uniform rate
When a solid image is used as a mask image, the entire image is composited at a uniform ratio.
As an example, create a solid image with a value of 128 with Image.new() and use it as a mask image.
mask = Image.new("L", im1.size, 128)
im = Image.composite(im1, im2, mask)
# im = Image.blend(im1, im2, 0.5)
blend() method can also be used if you want to composite the entire surface at a uniform ratio. Specify a constant of 0.0 to 1.0 as the parameter alpha instead of mask.
Create mask image by drawing
If you want to mask and composite with simple shape such as circle and rectangle, drawing with ImageDraw module is convenient. For details on drawing, see the following post. You can also draw polygons.
- Related post: Draw circle, rectangle, line etc with Python, Pillow
Draw a white circle on a black background to create a mask image.
mask = Image.new("L", im1.size, 0)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(mask)
draw.ellipse((140, 50, 260, 170), fill=255)
im = Image.composite(im1, im2, mask)
The boundaries can be composited smoothly by blurring the mask image with ImageFilter.
mask_blur = mask.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(10))
im = Image.composite(im1, im2, mask_blur)
Use existing image as mask image
An existing image can be read and used as a mask image. It makes possible to composite in complex shape.
Try using a black and white horse-shaped image (scikit-image sample: skimage.data.horse()).
After the image is read by open(), it is adjusted to the size of the pasted image by resize(), and the mode is converted to 'L' (gray scale) by convert().
mask = Image.open('data/src/horse.png').convert('L').resize(im1.size)
im = Image.composite(im1, im2, mask)
If you want to reverse the black and white of the mask image, please refer to the following post.
As another example, it is composited so as to gradually change spatially using the gradation image. The gradation image was generated using NumPy.
- Related post: Generate gradation image with Python, NumPy
mask = Image.open('data/src/gradation_h.jpg').convert('L').resize(im1.size)
im = Image.composite(im1, im2, mask)
