A falcon flying at a height of 200 yards spots a sparrow flying at a height of 150 yards. The location of the sparrow makes an angle of 40° from the horizontal line through the falcon's location. What is the distance x between the falcon and the sparrow? Assume that the ground beneath the birds is level.

See attached for diagram drawn

Find the difference in the height between the falcon and the sparrow:

200 - 150 = 50 m

Find the distance between the the falcon and the sparrow:

Let x be the distance.

The distance will be the hypotenuse between the two birds.

sin θ = opp/hyp

sin 40º = 50 / x

x = 50/sin 40º

x = 77.79 yard

Answer: The distance between them is 77.79 yard