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    imagejpeg

    (PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

    imagejpeg — Output image to browser or file

    Description

    bool imagejpeg ( resource $image [, mixed $to [, int $quality ]] )

    imagejpeg() creates a JPEG file from the given image.

    Parameters

    image

    An image resource, returned by one of the image creation functions, such as imagecreatetruecolor().

    to

    The path or an open stream resource (which is automatically being closed after this function returns) to save the file to. If not set or NULL, the raw image stream will be outputted directly.

    To skip this argument in order to provide the quality parameter, use NULL.

    quality

    quality is optional, and ranges from 0 (worst quality, smaller file) to 100 (best quality, biggest file). The default is the default IJG quality value (about 75).

    Return Values

    Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

    Examples

    Example #1 Outputting a JPEG image to the browser

    <?php
    // Create a blank image and add some text
    $im = imagecreatetruecolor(120, 20);
    $text_color = imagecolorallocate($im, 233, 14, 91);
    imagestring($im, 1, 5, 5,  'A Simple Text String', $text_color);

    // Set the content type header - in this case image/jpeg
    header('Content-Type: image/jpeg');

    // Output the image
    imagejpeg($im);

    // Free up memory
    imagedestroy($im);
    ?>

    The above example will output something similar to:

    Output of example : Outputting a JPEG image

    Example #2 Saving a JPEG image to a file

    <?php
    // Create a blank image and add some text
    $im = imagecreatetruecolor(120, 20);
    $text_color = imagecolorallocate($im, 233, 14, 91);
    imagestring($im, 1, 5, 5,  'A Simple Text String', $text_color);

    // Save the image as 'simpletext.jpg'
    imagejpeg($im, 'simpletext.jpg');

    // Free up memory
    imagedestroy($im);
    ?>

    Example #3 Outputting the image at 75% quality to the browser

    <?php
    // Create a blank image and add some text
    $im = imagecreatetruecolor(120, 20);
    $text_color = imagecolorallocate($im, 233, 14, 91);
    imagestring($im, 1, 5, 5,  'A Simple Text String', $text_color);

    // Set the content type header - in this case image/jpeg
    header('Content-Type: image/jpeg');

    // Skip the to parameter using NULL, then set the quality to 75%
    imagejpeg($im, NULL, 75);

    // Free up memory
    imagedestroy($im);
    ?>

    Notes

    Note:

    If you want to output Progressive JPEGs, you need to set interlacing on with imageinterlace().

    Changelog

    Version Description
    5.4.0 Added support for passing a stream resource to to.
    5.4.0 Disallowed passing an empty string to to to skip this argument.

    See Also

    add a note add a note

    User Contributed Notes 46 notes

    up
    37
    Ray.Paseur sometimes uses Gmail
    7 years ago
    If string $filename is given and it exists, it will be overwritten.
    up
    25
    francesco@essensys
    8 years ago
    I didn't find any example like this on the Web, so I mixed pieces together.. hope this will save time to other people!

    Here's a complete solution to READ any image (gif jpg png) from the FILESYSTEM, SCALE it to a max width/height, SAVE the scaled image to a BLOB field keeping the original image type. Quite tricky..

    <?php

    function scaleImageFileToBlob($file) {

            $source_pic = $file;
            $max_width = 200;
            $max_height = 200;

        list(    $width, $height, $image_type) = getimagesize($file);

        switch (    $image_type)
        {
            case     1: $src = imagecreatefromgif($file); break;
            case     2: $src = imagecreatefromjpeg($file);  break;
            case     3: $src = imagecreatefrompng($file); break;
            default: return     '';  break;
        }

            $x_ratio = $max_width / $width;
            $y_ratio = $max_height / $height;

        if( (    $width <= $max_width) && ($height <= $max_height) ){
                $tn_width = $width;
                $tn_height = $height;
            }elseif ((    $x_ratio * $height) < $max_height){
                    $tn_height = ceil($x_ratio * $height);
                    $tn_width = $max_width;
            }else{
                    $tn_width = ceil($y_ratio * $width);
                    $tn_height = $max_height;
        }

            $tmp = imagecreatetruecolor($tn_width,$tn_height);

            /* Check if this image is PNG or GIF, then set if Transparent*/
            if(($image_type == 1) OR ($image_type==3))
        {
                imagealphablending($tmp, false);
                imagesavealpha($tmp,true);
                $transparent = imagecolorallocatealpha($tmp, 255, 255, 255, 127);
                imagefilledrectangle($tmp, 0, 0, $tn_width, $tn_height, $transparent);
        }
            imagecopyresampled($tmp,$src,0,0,0,0,$tn_width, $tn_height,$width,$height);

            /*
         * imageXXX() only has two options, save as a file, or send to the browser.
         * It does not provide you the oppurtunity to manipulate the final GIF/JPG/PNG file stream
         * So I start the output buffering, use imageXXX() to output the data stream to the browser,
         * get the contents of the stream, and use clean to silently discard the buffered contents.
         */
            ob_start();

        switch (    $image_type)
        {
            case     1: imagegif($tmp); break;
            case     2: imagejpeg($tmp, NULL, 100);  break; // best quality
                case 3: imagepng($tmp, NULL, 0); break; // no compression
                default: echo ''; break;
        }

            $final_image = ob_get_contents();

            ob_end_clean();

        return     $final_image;
    }

    ?>

    So, let's suppose you have a form where a user can upload an image, and you have to scale it and save it into your database.

    <?php
       
            [..] // the user has clicked the Submit button..
       
        // Check if the user entered an image
            if ($_FILES['imagefile']['name'] != '') {
                $image = scaleImageFileToBlob($_FILES['imagefile']['tmp_name']);

            if (    $image == '') {
                echo     'Image type not supported';
            } else {
                    $image_type = $_FILES['imagefile']['type'];
                    $image = addslashes($image);
               
                    $query  = "UPDATE yourtable SET image_type='$image_type', image='$image' WHERE ...";
                    $result = mysql_query($query);
                if (    $result) {
                   echo     'Image scaled and uploaded';
                 } else {
                   echo     'Error running the query';
                 }
            }
        }

    ?>
    up
    2
    lorezyra (at) lorezyra (dot) com
    9 years ago
    For those looking to grab the resolution of a JPEG image without using GD nor ImageMagic... I wrote this simple function.

    Too bad GD doesn't have this very simple function for us to use...

    <?php
    function getJPEGresolution($filename){
            $outRez=array();
            // Read the file
            ob_start(); // start a new output buffer
            $image   = file_get_contents($filename);
       
            // grab DPI information from the JPG header
            $outRez["xDPI"] = ord($image[15]);
            $outRez["yDPI"] = ord($image[17]);
            ob_end_clean(); // stop this output buffer

        //xDPI and yDPI should equal in value... but we output both anyway...
            return($outRez);
    }    //end function getJPEGresolution
    ?>
    up
    12
    Bruno de Lima - bruno at tthedreamstone dot net
    4 years ago
    [[Editor's note: removed the header()-call since it is not required when outputting inline image-data]]
    One single code line, solve-me after 3 hours of blind search!

    here is:

    ... ob_start();
      imagejpeg( $img, NULL, 100 );
      imagedestroy( $img );
      $i = ob_get_clean();

    echo "<img src='data:image/jpeg;base64," . base64_encode( $i )."'>"; //saviour line!
    up
    1
    Anonymous
    9 years ago
    Here is a function to resize an image and maintain aspect ratio. It will resize jpeg, gif or png and could easily be modified to add bmp. The name field is the destination of the file minus the file extension:

    <?php
    //name= filename minus type
            function createImage($uploadedfile,$newWidth,$name)
        {
                // Capture the original size of the uploaded image
                if(!$info=getimagesize($uploadedfile))
              return     false;
           
            switch (    $info['mime'])
            {
                case     'image/jpeg':
                        $src = imagecreatefromjpeg($uploadedfile);
                    break;
                case     'image/gif':
                        $src = imagecreatefromgif($uploadedfile);
                    break;
                case     'image/png':
                        $src = imagecreatefrompng($uploadedfile);
                    break;
                default:
                    return     false;
            }
           
                //Change the filename to add the filetype
                $mime=split("image/",$info['mime']);
                $filename=$name.".".$mime[1];
           
                $size = getimagesize($uploadedfile);
                $newHeight=aspect_ratio($size[0],$newWidth,$size[1]);
           
                $tmp=imagecreatetruecolor($newWidth,$newHeight);
           
                // this line actually does the image resizing, copying from the original
            // image into the $tmp image
                imagecopyresampled($tmp,$src,0,0,0,0,$newWidth,$newHeight,$info[0], $info[1]);
           
            switch (    $info['mime'])
            {
                case     'image/jpeg':
                        imagejpeg($tmp,$filename,100); //100 is the quality settings, values range from 0-100.
                        break;
                case     'image/gif':
                        imagegif($tmp,$filename,100); //100 is the quality settings, values range from 0-100.
                        break;
                case     'image/png':
                        imagepng($tmp,$filename); //100 is the quality settings, values range from 0-100.
                        break;
            }
               
                imagedestroy($src);
                imagedestroy($tmp); // NOTE: PHP will clean up the temp file it created when the request
            // has completed.
                return true;
        }

        if(!    createImage($uploadedfile,100, "uploaded_images/imgname"))
        {
          echo     "error";
        }
    ?>
    up
    1
    your [dot] sheepy [at] gmail [dot] com
    11 years ago
    Regarding Carl Gieringer's comment, it is possible to have PHP files in utf-8.  Just make sure the editor does not output BOM, which is unnecessary in utf-8 anyway.

    Except for any editors from Microsoft, most programmer's editors that supports utf allows you to surpress BOM.
    up
    1
    Kokesh
    13 years ago
    Here is the simple, but powerful script for creating thumbnails on the fly.
    You can include the script
    directly to www page - just put it in <img src= tag.
    with width 150pix.
    This resizer respects the ASPECT RATIO.
    Here is the script:
    <?php
    // Use it this way: resize.php?pic=imageurl&width=width_in_pixels
    // kokesh@kokeshnet.com 2004
            header("Content-type: image/jpeg");
            $im     = imagecreatefromjpeg($pic);
            $orange = imagecolorallocate($im, 220, 210, 60);
            $px     = (imagesx($im) - 7.5 * strlen($string)) / 2;

            $old_x=imageSX($im);
            $old_y=imageSY($im);

            $new_w=(int)($width);
        if ((    $new_w<=0) or ($new_w>$old_x)) {
              $new_w=$old_x;
        }

            $new_h=($old_x*($new_w/$old_x));

        if (    $old_x > $old_y) {
                $thumb_w=$new_w;
                $thumb_h=$old_y*($new_h/$old_x);

        }
        if (    $old_x < $old_y) {
                $thumb_w=$old_x*($new_w/$old_y);
                $thumb_h=$new_h;
        }
        if (    $old_x == $old_y) {
                $thumb_w=$new_w;
                $thumb_h=$new_h;
        }
             $thumb=ImageCreateTrueColor($thumb_w,$thumb_h);
             imagecopyresized($thumb,$im,0,0,0,0,$thumb_w,$thumb_h,$old_x,$old_y);

            imagejpeg($thumb,"",90);
            imagedestroy($thumb);
    ?>
    up
    2
    tomas at dundacek dot cz
    8 years ago
    I had a problem with denied permissions when trying to upload AND resize an image having safe_mode on. This caused that I couldn't create the new file in which I wanted to resampled the image with nor with imagejpeg() nor with touch() and imagejpeg() after it.

    Here is my solution, I didn't test, but it's possible, it is biting some memory:

    <?php
    function resize($image, $target_file) {
          // $image is the uploaded image
          list($width, $height) = getimagesize($image['tmp_name']);

          //setup the new size of the image
          $ratio = $width/$height;
          $new_height = 500;
          $new_width = $new_height * $ratio;

          //move the file in the new location
          move_uploaded_file($image['tmp_name'], $target_file);
     
          // resample the image       
          $new_image = imagecreatetruecolor($new_width, $new_height);
          $old_image = imagecreatefromjpeg($target_file);
          imagecopyresampled($new_image,$old_image,0,0,0,0,$new_width, $new_height, $width, $height);       

          //output
          imagejpeg($new_image, $target_file, 100);
    }

    ?>

    As you can see, the function moves the uploaded file where you want to save the resampled image (move_uploaded_file is not restricted by safe_mode) and then you can resample the image, because it was created by moving it already.

    Note: the directory where you want to save the file must have permissions set to 0777.
    up
    1
    stefan at colulus dot com
    9 years ago
    I worked out a script that allows the transfer of alphanumeric data to be placed on an image. The HTML feature is img src and the php feature is imagettftext. This simple code will increment from 1 to 3 on images.

    code:

    <?php
    //ImageCall.php -- This script will call a script to produce the image.
    for($next = 1;$next < 4; $next++){
    print     "Image $next:<br>";
    print     "<img src = 'Image.php?\$text=$next'>";
    print     "<br><br>";
    }
    ?>

    <?php
    //Image.php -- This script creates a square image and places the text on it.

    // image size and color
    $im = ImageCreate(77,77);
    $color1 = ImageColorAllocate($im,0x66,0xCC,0x00);
    $color2 = ImageColorAllocate($im,0x33,0x66,0x00);
    $color3 = ImageColorAllocate($im,0x00,0x99,0x00);
    $color4 = ImageColorAllocate($im,0x3D,0x3D,0x3D);

    // image creation
    ImageFilledRectangle($im,1,1,76,76,$color1);
    ImageFilledpolygon($im, array (76,1,1,76,76,76),3,$color2);
    ImageFilledRectangle($im,5,5,72,72,$color3);

    // determine numeric center of image
    $size = ImageTTFBBox(45,0,'impact',$_GET['$text']);
    $X = (77 - (abs($size[2]- $size[0])))/2;
    $Y = ((77 - (abs($size[5] - $size[3])))/2 + (abs($size[5] - $size[3])));

    //places numeric information on image
    ImageTTFText($im,45,0,($X-1),$Y,$color4,'impact',$_GET['$text']);

    //returns completed image to calling script
    Header('Content-Type: image/png');
    Imagejpeg($im);

    ?>
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    1
    Anonymous
    12 years ago
    Hi

    I had similar problem with safe mode. My solution is:

    before imagejpeg(), touch() etc.
    write:
    ini_set(safe_mode,Off);
    and after everything:
    ini_set(safe_mode,On);

    strange, but it works
    Chears2All
    up
    1
    dklein at gmx dot de
    16 years ago
    Looks like any specified resolution settings in a JPEG file get lost when using imageJPEG() function in a script.
    I had a high resolution JPEG which i added text to with imagestringup() so my customer can print the emailed JPEG as a filled form, but printing both Graphics from Photoshop revealed that any JPEG created is downsampled to 72 dpi, while width and height is kept.
    (72 dpi is the standard web resolution)
    Nothing to wonder about, but maybe if you read this you dont need to scratch your head :)
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    2
    Elliott Brueggeman
    10 years ago
    I did an experiment with the image quality parameter of the imagejpeg() function when creating jpegs. I found the optimal image quality with file size is taken into account to be 80 - very close to the default value of 75.

    Anything over 80 results in an unnecessary increase in file size without much increase in image quality.

    Results and sample pictures: http://www.ebrueggeman.com/article_php_image_optimization.php
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    1
    ahows at noggin dot com dot au
    9 years ago
    Regarding the code below, it only grabs the last byte of the DPI information in JFIF-mode. I was wondering why my 300-DPI file was being reported as 44. 300 - 256 = 44 of course.
    up
    1
    Bram Van Dam
    12 years ago
    If you wish to capture the jpg data into a variable, rather than outputting it or saving it into a file (perhaps so you can put it in a database), you might want to consider output buffering. Something along these lines should work:

    <?php
    ob_start    (); // start a new output buffer
            imagejpeg( $newimage, NULL, 100 );
            $ImageData = ob_get_contents();
    ob_end_clean; // stop this output buffer
    ?>
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    1
    viciousVelo
    8 years ago
    for those who get the message "permission denied" or "unable to access": it looks like a problem with your writepermissions to this folder. no matter if you use windows- or linuxserver, be sure the correct user has the permission to write to the correct folder.
    up
    0
    soapergem at gmail dot com
    9 years ago
    I came here looking for something similar to the getJPEGresolution function, but noticed the drawbacks that were pointed out in the last post. So, after drawing on some other code examples on the web, I put together the following function which should always properly return the correct values. (But remember that you still need to have the EXIF extension installed with your instance of PHP for this to work!)

    <?php

    function jpeg_dpi($filename)
    {
        if (     exif_imagetype($filename) != IMAGETYPE_JPEG ) {
            return     false;
        } else {
                $exif = exif_read_data($filename, 'IFD0');
        }
       
            $x = $y = 0;
        if ( isset(    $exif['XResolution']) && isset($exif['YResolution']) ) {
                $x = intval(preg_replace('@^(\\d+)/(\\d+)$@e', '$1/$2', $exif['XResolution']));
                $y = intval(preg_replace('@^(\\d+)/(\\d+)$@e', '$1/$2', $exif['YResolution']));
        }
       
        if ( !    $x && !$y && $fp = fopen($filename, 'r') ) {
                $string = fread($fp, 20);
                fclose($fp);
           
                $data = bin2hex(substr($string, 14, 4));
                $x = hexdec(substr($data, 0, 4));
                $y = hexdec(substr($data, 4, 4));
        }
       
        if (     $x || $y ) {
            return array(    $x, $y);
        }
       
        return     false;
    }

    ?>

    This function returns an array with the x-resolution, y-resolution when they can be determined, otherwise FALSE.
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    0
    webmaster at jongliertreff dot de
    11 years ago
    Here's another on-the-fly thumbnail creation script.
    When I scripted the pictuerviewer on my page, I had all the pictures only in full size and qualit, because I wanted the posibility für visitors to download the pictures.
    But as Imagesizes of more than 4 MP are to large for websites, I created thumbnails and the smaller pictures on the fly. But I found out, that the Script needed too much RAM, especially in the thumbnail overview, when I had more then 50 thumbnails to create on the fly at the same time.

    So I modified my image creator and my viewer to let them store images, that are created. So only the first visitor has to wait (which is usually me for controlling the uploads und updates), all other visitors get the stored images, which is much faster.

    Create different folders. I have a main folder called 'imagesdb' and the tree subfolders full (Full quality images), show (images for the picture viewer) and thumb (for thumbnails in overview).

    Store the script for example as image.php and link it like that:

    <?PHP
    $image_name     = "foo.jpg";
    $style = "show";
             // I've taken the foldernames. It's easier. For the
         //thumbnails replace "show" with "thumb".
    $image_name = "imagesdb/$style/$image_name";
    if(!    file_exists($image_name))
                $image_name = "image.php?image_name=$image_name&style=$style";
             // only if file doesn't exist call the on-the-fly creating file
    ?>

    Now the main script, stored in the file image.php:

    <?PHP

    $image_name     = $_GET['image_name'];
    $style = $_GET['style'];

             // Now set the maximum sizes to the different styles.
         // You may set additional styles, but remember to
         // create the according subfolders.

    switch($style) {
      case     "show":
            $max_size = 800;
        break;
      case     "thumb":
            $max_size = 125;
    }

    $dest_file = "imagesdb/$style/$image_name";
             // set output file
    $image_file = "imagesdb/full/$image_name";
             // set source file
    $size = getimagesize($image_file);
             // get original size

    if($size[0] > $size[1]) {
          $divisor = $size[0] / $max_size;
    }
    else {
          $divisor = $size[1] / $max_size;
    }
             // to get allways pictures of the same size, which ist
         // mostly wanted in imageviewers, look what ist larger:
         // width or height

    $new_width = $size[0] / $divisor;
    $new_height = $size[1] / $divisor;
             // set new sizes

    settype($new_width, 'integer');
    settype($new_height, 'integer');
             // sizes should be integers

    $image_big = imagecreatefromjpeg($image_file);
             // load original image
    $image_small = imagecreatetruecolor($new_width, $new_height);
             // create new image
    imagecopyresampled($image_small, $image_big, 0,0, 0,0, $new_width,$new_height, $size[0],$size[1]);
             // imageresampled whill result in a much higher quality
         // than imageresized
    imagedestroy($image_big);
             // the original data are no longer used

    header("Content-type: image/jpeg");

    if(    $style=="show" || $style=="thumb") {
      if(!    file_exists($dest_file))
            imagejpeg($image_small, $dest_file, 100);
    }
             // if you have set additional sizese put them in the
         // if-arguments, too.
         // if someone calls the image.php directly in the
         // browser with imagenames allready existing, they
         // won't be overwritten

    imagejpeg($image_small, '', 100);
    imagedestroy($image_small);
             // finally send image to browser and destroy no longer
         // needed data.

    ?>

    As this website helped me for several times in the past and for creating this script, I hope I can help others with this script saving the time for developing a much more performant solution than an allways-on-the-fly-creating script.
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    0
    Darren Kulp ( kulp at thekulp dot com )
    11 years ago
    With regard to chris.calo's code:

    // The following block retrieves the source file.  It assumes the filename extensions match the file's format.
       if ( strpos($source_file,".gif") ) { $img_source = imagecreatefromgif($source_file); }
       if ( (strpos($source_file,".jpg")) || (strpos($source_file,".jpeg")) )
    ... etc.

    It assumes more than that, namely that the filename does not contain the strings '.gif', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.bmp', or '.png' *anywhere* in the string. Some valid files with special filenames could break this; for example, a file named "used.to.be.a.png.file.gif" would cause this script to attempt to load the file as a PNG. Obviously this is a rare case, but the issue could be easily avoided by using "else ifs" (uses less CPU time) or checking that the extension abuts the end of the string or both.

    That said, the whole business could be avoided if PHP didn't clutter the namespace with different functions to do the same thing with different image formats. Ick.
    up
    0
    moron at industrial dot org
    12 years ago
    Please note that there is a bug report open for the currently broken safe_mode behaviour on this function:

    http://bugs.php.net/?id=35060

    According to the PHP staffer who has responded the docs are wrong (I don't agree but I'm also not their employee). 

    The work around is to use touch() (or any other file system function that can do this) to create the file first before using imagejpeg().
    up
    0
    mbailey [at] aethon [dt] co [dt] uk
    12 years ago
    >>Bram Van Dam's

    note below is missing "()" from the ob_end_clean call:

    ob_end_clean; // stop this output buffer

    should read

    ob_end_clean(); // stop this output buffer

    You can then use this for adding content-length headers (for example flash requires a content length in advance to create loaders)

    e.g.

    ...

    ob_start(); // start a new output buffer
       imagejpeg( $newimage, "", 90 );
       $ImageData = ob_get_contents();
       $ImageDataLength = ob_get_length();
    ob_end_clean(); // stop this output buffer

    header("Content-type: image/jpeg") ;
    header("Content-Length: ".$ImageDataLength);
    echo $ImageData;

    ...
    up
    0
    Anonymous
    13 years ago
    A word of warning when outputting images to the browser...

    Make sure there is no extra spaces around the <?php ?> tags, in the file you are editing, and also any included files.

    I began to think there was a bug in GD or something, and I checked the file I was working on, but forgot about the includes...

    Hours gone..
    up
    0
    gzink at zinkconsulting dot com
    14 years ago
    Don't forget that JPEG compression has artifacts! And they're not all really obvious. The PHP JPEG compression is pretty decent, but it seems to generally:

    -Lighten the image overall, by a reasonable amount (never seen this before, but it will drive graphic designers crazy, you might want to darken the image before compressing it)
    -Reduce saturation, especially with images with lots of points of different color within a few pixels of each other (this is a documented feature of JPEG)
    -Seriously mess with blue colors, which is common to all JPEG but really annoying in some situations with blue and black or other detailed blue parts

    You might want to consider using imagepng() and outputting a PNG image instead of a JPEG if any of the above affect you, or your image is not very photo-like. Sometimes I have an algorithm compare JPEG to PNG for an image and send the smaller version to the user.

    Also, when using imagepng(), you should use imageinterlace() before it 95% of the time. Interlaced JPEGs load progressively, improving in quality as the image loads, so users on slower connections see the whole image at low quality. All this happens without affecting the file size (actually, sometimes the file size is smaller!) or final quality.

    Hope this helps a few people out. It's not all that obvious without lots of playing around.

    -Galen
    http://zinkconsulting.com/
    up
    0
    irishcybernerd at email dot com
    14 years ago
    Rather than using the temporary file, as described above, you can buffer the output stream. Someone else showed me this, and it seems to work very nicely.

        //Start buffering the output stream
        ob_start();

        // output the image as a file to the output stream
        Imagejpeg($im);
       
        //Read the output buffer
        $buffer = ob_get_contents();

        //clear the buffer
        ob_end_clean();

        //use $buffer as you wish...
    up
    -2
    Pedja (pedja at supurovic dot net)
    10 years ago
    Here is sample function that creates thumbnail of source JPEG file. Thumbnail wil be in square form (with and height are the same), and original image cropped to fit in.

    Parameters:

    $p_thumb_file - name of the file (including path) where thumb should be saved to

    $p_photo_file - nam of the source JPEG file (including path) thatthumbnail should be created of

    $p_max_size - with and height (they will be the same) in pixels for thumbnail image

    $p_quality - quality of jpeg thumbnail

    <?php

    function photoCreateCropThumb ($p_thumb_file, $p_photo_file, $p_max_size, $p_quality = 75) {
     
            $pic = @imagecreatefromjpeg($p_photo_file);

        if (    $pic) {
                $thumb = @imagecreatetruecolor ($p_max_size, $p_max_size) or die ("Can't create Image!");
                $width = imagesx($pic);
                $height = imagesy($pic);
            if (    $width < $height) {
                        $twidth = $p_max_size;
                        $theight = $twidth * $height / $width;
                        imagecopyresized($thumb, $pic, 0, 0, 0, ($height/2)-($width/2), $twidth, $theight, $width, $height);
            } else {
                        $theight = $p_max_size;
                        $twidth = $theight * $width / $height;
                        imagecopyresized($thumb, $pic, 0, 0, ($width/2)-($height/2), 0, $twidth, $theight, $width, $height);
            }

                ImageJPEG ($thumb, $p_thumb_file, $p_quality);
        }

    }

    ?>
    up
    -2
    chris dot calo at gmail dot com
    11 years ago
    Thanks to Stuart and Darren for the corrections to the create_thumbnail function.  Another note on that function: imagecreatefromwbmp was incorrectly used.  WBMPs are wireless bitmaps, not windows bitmaps (thanks to clambert at whitecrown), so the thumbnail routine as is will not be able to handle windows bitmaps.  See the notes at http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.imagecreatefromwbmp.php for tips on working with windows bitmaps.
    up
    -2
    stuart at purpletoucan dot com
    11 years ago
    Thanks to Chris dot Calo for the thumbnail snippet.  The file type issue is easily resolved by getting the type from the file with getimagesize, and you can handle unsupported types at that stage too.  Thus:

       list($img_width,$img_height, $type) = getimagesize($source_file); // Get the original dimentions
       if ($type != 1 && $type != 2 && $type != 3 && $type != 15) { die("Your file is not a supported format"); }

    ...and then later check the type again to open the image correctly:

       if ( $type == 1 ) { $img_source = imagecreatefromgif($source_file); }
       else if ( $type == 2 ) { $img_source = imagecreatefromjpeg($source_file); }
       else if ( $type == 3 ) { $img_source = imagecreatefrompng($source_file); }
       else if ( $type == 15 ) { $img_source = imagecreatefromwbmp($source_file); }
    up
    -2
    chris dot calo at gmail dot com
    11 years ago
    function create_thumbnail( $source_file, $destination_file, $max_dimension)
    {
        list($img_width,$img_height) = getimagesize($source_file); // Get the original dimentions
        $aspect_ratio = $img_width / $img_height;
       
        if ( ($img_width > $max_dimension) || ($img_height > $max_dimension) ) // If either dimension is too big...
        {
            if ( $img_width > $img_height ) // For wide images...
            {
                $new_width = $max_dimension;
                $new_height = $new_width / $aspect_ratio;
            }
            elseif ( $img_width < $img_height ) // For tall images...
            {
                $new_height = $max_dimension;
                $new_width = $new_height * $aspect_ratio;
            }
            elseif ( $img_width == $img_height ) // For square images...
            {
                $new_width = $max_dimension;
                $new_height = $max_dimension;
            }
            else { echo "Error reading image size."; return FALSE; }
        }
        else { $new_width = $img_width; $new_height = $img_height; } // If it's already smaller, don't change the size.
       
        // Make sure these are integers.
        $new_width = intval($new_width);
        $new_height = intval($new_height);
       
        $thumbnail = imagecreatetruecolor($new_width,$new_height); // Creates a new image in memory.

        // The following block retrieves the source file.  It assumes the filename extensions match the file's format.
        if ( strpos($source_file,".gif") ) { $img_source = imagecreatefromgif($source_file); }
        if ( (strpos($source_file,".jpg")) || (strpos($source_file,".jpeg")) )
        { $img_source = imagecreatefromjpeg($source_file); }
        if ( strpos($source_file,".bmp") ) { $img_source = imagecreatefromwbmp($source_file); }
        if ( strpos($source_file,".png") ) { $img_source = imagecreatefrompng($source_file); }
       
        // Here we resample and create the new jpeg.
        imagecopyresampled($thumbnail, $img_source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $new_width, $new_height, $img_width, $img_height);
        imagejpeg( $thumbnail, $destination_file, 100 );
       
        // Finally, we destroy the two images in memory.
        imagedestroy($img_source);
        imagedestroy($thumbnail);
    }
    up
    -2
    Kenneth Keiter
    12 years ago
    So.. after messing around with this beast of a function for hours, I discovered that it DOES NOT preserve the resource it is using the create the image, nor do imagepng() or imagegif(). By this I mean that you can not run two imagejpeg(), imagepng() or imagegif() calls on the same resource. Another possibly undocumented quirk... :-(
    up
    -2
    John Luetke <johnl1479 gmail com>
    12 years ago
    Rewrote the manual example into this function for creating a thumbnail image:

    function thumbnail_jpeg ($original, $thumbnail, $width, $height, $quality) {
      list($width_orig, $height_orig) = getimagesize($original);
      if ($width && ($width_orig < $height_orig)) {
        $width = ($height / $height_orig) * $width_orig;
      }
            else {
        $height = ($width / $width_orig) * $height_orig;
      }
      $image_p = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
      $image = imagecreatefromjpeg($originial);
      imagecopyresampled($image_p, $image, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width_orig, $height_orig);
      imagejpeg($image_p, $thumbnail, $quality);
      return;
    }
    up
    -2
    ghokanso at cs dot ndsu dot edu
    12 years ago
    When displaying an image using imagepng or imagejpeg, you may want/need to call "header("Content-type: image/jpeg")" before the imagepng and imagejpeg functions.
    It appears that some servers/browers are striping out the default header so the image is not rendered and appears as raw data.
    (Firefox 1.02+ and OSX Safari for example)
    up
    -2
    wojteksw at go2 dot pl
    12 years ago
    I have changed one line in the script of Kokesh
    25-Jun-2004 06:42 listed above, and now it generates better quality thumbnails.
    You have to change function imagecopyresized() to imagecopyresampled()
    up
    -2
    Anonymous
    13 years ago
    For best results, use only loss-less file formats (such as PNG) for storing images or image parts that you later intend to output with this function.
    up
    -1
    bernytech at gmail dot com
    6 years ago
    Don't be like me racking my brain for hours trying to figure out why my xxx.php file outputs http://localhost/xxx.php as a one line response.

    Why?

    Most likely, you have either:

    1. whitespaces before or after the php tags
    2. need to set header('Content-type: image/jpeg');
    3. if you have required files...be sure nothing is outputted...no test print statements because page expects image information
    4.  there is an error in your code

    in my case, it was 4.  there is a reason why the function call base64decode does not work...

    it's actually: base64_decode()

    by the way, other ways to validate your image encoded in base64 is to use the following tag:

    echo '<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,'.$row['IMAGE'].'" alt="photo">';

    I was pulling a blob encoded base 64 data from mysql database and trying to render it on a page

    hope this helps someone.
    up
    -1
    Michaelsoft
    10 years ago
    [Editor's note: fixed according to the note of roberto at ilpiola.it]

    I could not find any information on changing the DPI information on a JPG file using the GD lib. Since changing this does not resize or scale the actual image, it is only a header-setting.
    The following snipplet will save your $image to $file and set the DPI to 150.

    <?php

      imagejpeg    ($image, $file, 75);

          // Change DPI
          $dpi_x   = 150;
          $dpi_y   = 150;
     
          // Read the file
          $size    = filesize($file);
          $image   = file_get_contents($file);

          // Update DPI information in the JPG header
          $image[13] = chr(1);
          $image[14] = chr(floor($dpi_x/256));
          $image[15] = chr(      $dpi_x%256);
          $image[16] = chr(floor($dpi_y/256));
          $image[17] = chr(      $dpi_y%256);

          // Write the new JPG
          $f = fopen($file, 'w');
          fwrite($f, $msg, $size);
          fclose($f);

    ?>

    P.s. not fully tested (yet) but it works for my images ...
    up
    -1
    Tom Davis
    13 years ago
    I came across a problem where Internet Explorer refused to cache some dynamically created images. To get round this, send out a Last-Modified header.

    Eg:

    <?php

    header    ('Last-Modified: '.gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', $timestamp).' GMT');
    header('Content-Type: image/jpeg');
    imagejpeg($photo);

    ?>
    up
    -1
    lorezyra (at) lorezyra (dot) com
    9 years ago
    I noticed through testing that my previous function would not always return the data requested... this is due to the fact that some cameras and software dont correctly write the DPI info in the JFIF header... So, my 2nd solution is to read the exif info (if available) and output the first non-zero value as the DPI...

    <?PHP
    function getJPEGresolution($filename){
        if(    exif_imagetype( $filename)!= IMAGETYPE_JPEG) return(false);
            $outRez=array();
            // Read the file
            $exif = exif_read_data($filename, 'IFD0');
       
            ob_start(); // start a new output buffer
            $image   = file_get_contents($filename);
       
            // grab DPI information from the JPG header
            $outRez["xDPI"] = (int)(ord($image[15])>0? ord($image[15]) : $exif['XResolution'] );
            $outRez["yDPI"] = (int)(ord($image[17])>0? ord($image[17]) : $exif['YResolution'] );
            ob_end_clean(); // stop this output buffer

        //correct output if header doesn't contain dpi info:: use exif info instead
            $outRez["xDPI"] = ($outRez["xDPI"]>0? $outRez["xDPI"] : $exif['THUMBNAIL']['XResolution'] );
            $outRez["yDPI"] = ($outRez["yDPI"]>0? $outRez["yDPI"] : $exif['THUMBNAIL']['YResolution'] );
       
            //double check values; make sure it's just a number and not "72/1" ...
            if(!is_numeric($outRez["xDPI"])) $outRez["xDPI"] = (int)substr($outRez["xDPI"], 0, strpos($outRez["xDPI"],"/",1));
        if(!    is_numeric($outRez["yDPI"])) $outRez["yDPI"] = (int)substr($outRez["yDPI"], 0, strpos($outRez["yDPI"],"/",1));

            //xDPI and yDPI should equal in value... but we output both anyway...
            return($outRez);
    }    //end function getJPEGresolution
    ?>
    up
    -1
    xavi at lapalomera dot com
    9 years ago
    For those whom needs other dpi image than the GD library, just do the following:

    <?php
    //Get jpeg image contents
    ob_start();
    imagejpeg($image, "", 100);
    $image = ob_get_contents();
    ob_end_clean();

    //Or read jpeg image
    $image = file_get_contents($file);

    //Replace header image info to set DPI as units and the density for X and Y
    //First parameter are units for X and Y densities (0x00 No units, 0x01 DPI, 0x02 DPC)
    //Second parameter is the X density
    //Third parameter is the Y density
    $image = substr_replace($image, pack("Cnn", 0x01, 300, 300), 13, 5);

    header("Content-type: image/jpeg");
    header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.basename($file).'"');   

    echo     $image;
    ?>
    up
    -1
    doobd at doobd dot com
    12 years ago
    in addition to my THUMBNAIL GENERATOR script:

    i forgot to say, src path must not be http:// but server path (e.g. for some linux server: src=/home/users/user1/public_html/images/image1.jpg) or relative path, as in example in script (src=test.jpg, src=../test.jpg, src=pictures/test.jpg...)
    up
    -1
    crazyted at crazyted dot com
    15 years ago
    In regards to adding images (or any other binary file) to a database, unless you absolutely *have* to, a MUCH better solution is to simply save the file you create to a directory and update your database with a URL to this file.

    When I first started DB development I was hung up with BLOBs and how to make them effectively work with PHP but realized that they can severely impact performance and you also limit what you can do with those files once they're inside the DB.

    If you can avoid using BLOBs, and most people can, then by all means just create a look-up table for your file urls and save them to a directory to store the files. File access and scalability will be greatly increased in most cases.
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    -2
    gcc dot programmer at gmail dot com
    9 years ago
    The following was developed using Mac OSX ( Linux ).  The ghostscript call would have to be changed on a Windows box...

    In an application I was developing, I needed to create .jpg thumbnails from .pdf uploaded files.  After some research, I found one easy way to accomplish this was ( SIMPLIFIED ):

    <?php
         exec    ("sw/bin/gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=jpeg
                  -sOutputFile=test.jpg theFile.pdf"    );
    ?>

    This of course assumes that ghostscript is installed on the server, you have permissions, yada...

    Essentially this calls on ghostscript to do the conversion.

    So, then, once the new .jpg is created, it needed to be resized to accomodate the UI.  Though I could easily do it from the command line with "convert", I was having issues using this command from PHP ( it's not my first language ).  I found this thread while groping for a different method, and found an unworkable solution that stimulated me to write the following:

    ( commented out lines were for debug, but might prove instructional for your own purposes, so I left them in )

    [This function takes in a .jpg file to be converted to a thumbnail, the new width you want the thumbnail to be, and the name to which you want the thumbnail saved.  It then creates the thumbnail]

    <?php
             function createImage( $upload, $newWidth, $name )
         {
              if (!    $info = getimagesize($upload) )
                   return     false;
                  //echo "width: "  . $info[0] . "<br/>";
              //echo "height: " . $info[1] . "<br/>";

              //create crude aspect ratio:
                  $aspect = $info[0] / $info[1];
                  $newHeight = round( $newWidth/$aspect );
                  //echo "$newHeight <br/>";

                  $src = @imagecreatefromjpeg("$upload");
              if ( !    $src )
                   return     false;

                  $tmp = @imagecreatetruecolor( $newWidth, $newHeight );
                  imagecopyresampled( $tmp, $src, 0, 0, 0, 0, $newWidth,
                                                 $newHeight, $info[0], $info[1] );

                  imagejpeg( $tmp, $name, 100 );
                  imagedestroy( $src );
                  imagedestroy( $tmp );
              return     true;
         }

    ?>

    $upload = the path to the file you want to make a thumbnail from.

    $newWidth = the width of your thumbnails.

    $name = the path ( including name ) of the thumbnail you're creating.

    If I have test.jpg in my servers root directory, and I want a thumbnail
    with a width of 120 pixels, with the name thumb.jpg also to be saved
    in the servers root directory, I'd call this function thus:

    <?php
         createImage    ("test.jpg", 120, "thumb.jpg");
    ?>

    I hope this makes life easier for somebody.
    up
    -2
    Anonymous
    12 years ago
    THUMBNAIL GENERATOR

    Hope someone will find this usefull... save it to thumb.php and use it for on-the-fly thumbnails generating

    e.g.
    <img src= "thumb.php?src=pic.jpg&wmax=150&hmax=100&quality=90&bgcol=FF0000"> </img>

    <?php
            // by dooobd@NOSPAM.doobd.com
        //
        // proportional on-the-fly thumb generator from JPG images
        //
        // usage example:
        // <img src= "thumb.php?src=pic.jpg&wmax=150&hmax=100&quality=90&bgcol=FF0000"> </img>
        //
        // parameters:  src = source image
        //              wmax = max width
        //              hmax = max height
        //              quality = JPG quality of generated thumb - optional.
        //                        if not specified, quality=90
        //              bgcol = if specified, allways generates exact wmax x hmax sized thumb,
        //                      with bacground color bgcol and centered source image
        //
        // note: if source image is smaller than desired thumbnail, it will not be resized!

            header("Content-type: image/jpeg");
            $source = imagecreatefromjpeg($src);
            $orig_w=imagesx($source);
            $orig_h=imagesy($source);
       
        if (    $orig_w>$wmax || $orig_h>$hmax)
        {
                $thumb_w=$wmax;
                $thumb_h=$hmax;
            if (    $thumb_w/$orig_w*$orig_h>$thumb_h)
                    $thumb_w=round($thumb_h*$orig_w/$orig_h);
            else
                    $thumb_h=round($thumb_w*$orig_h/$orig_w);
        } else
        {
                $thumb_w=$orig_w;
                $thumb_h=$orig_h;
        }
        if (!@    $bgcol)
        {
                $thumb=imagecreatetruecolor($thumb_w,$thumb_h);
                imagecopyresampled($thumb,$source,
                                   0,0,0,0,$thumb_w,$thumb_h,$orig_w,$orig_h);
        }
        else
        {
                $thumb=imagecreatetruecolor($wmax,$hmax);
                imagefilledrectangle($thumb,0,0,$wmax-1,$hmax-1,intval($bgcol,16));
                imagecopyresampled($thumb,$source,
                                   round(($wmax-$thumb_w)/2),round(($hmax-$thumb_h)/2),
                                   0,0,$thumb_w,$thumb_h,$orig_w,$orig_h);
        }
        if (!@    $quality) $quality=90;
            imagejpeg($thumb,"",$quality);
            imagedestroy($thumb);
    ?>
    up
    -2
    aerowinx at hotmail dot de
    12 years ago
    If imagejpeg brings up this warning:

    Warning: imagejpeg(): Unable to access data ...

    it could be a problem with "Safe Mode". A solution could be to touch the new file before, like:

    touch($newfile);
    imagejpeg($image_p, $newfile, 100);
    up
    -2
    mitnick at cc dot lv
    12 years ago
    i had the same problem as tobylewis had

    when i tried to call imagejpeg(), width porperly parameters given it displayed
    imagejpeg(): Unable to access usr/home/public_html/pic1.jpg

    imho if not correctly configured server this function is not allowed to create the file on disk.

    the workaround however is if you create the file using some other function, before call imagejpeg(). something like this

    <?
    $fh=fopen($file_name_dest,'w');
    fclose($fh);
    imagejpeg($dest,$file_name_dest, $quality); 
    ?>
    up
    -2
    (enVide neFelibata) envide at tugamail dot com
    12 years ago
    Every script I was writing was giving me an error.
    When writing the following code I was able, as a client, to browse the website and save the images (Save image as...) with IE. Yet with Firefox and family the browser tried to save them as 'script_name.php' instead of 'image_name.jpg'.

    <?php
        header    ("Content-Type: image/jpeg");
            imagejpeg($image,'',100); // Output to Browser
    ?>

    After trying to save all the watermarked images or saving the image as 'temp.jpg' before outputing it to user, I've read this topic on BugZilla that advised to add the following header:

    <?php
        header    ("Content-Type: image/jpeg");
            header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=image_name.jpg"); // THIS ONE
    ?>

    Sorry about the English.
    up
    -4
    Brian Moreau
    4 years ago
    If like me you like to rename uploaded images and add the time to the file name so you never end up with two images with the same name.

    Watch out because you can save a file on your server using illegal characters such as a colon ":"

    e.g
    030363 6-01-2014 18:05:29 image.jpg

    I spent ages trying to work out why my FTP program would not download the images created with PHP

    I guess this might be dependent on what file system your using but it wouldn't let me download the images to a windows file system.

    But I can obviously create files on my Linux server with a colon in the file name.
    up
    -3
    john at mtslink dot com
    11 years ago
    Just wanted to mention that the create_thumbnail script below fails on uppercase filenames. Many cameras default to IMG_XX.JPG and since strpos is case sensitive it fails.

    I changed all the strpos to stripos and it worked wonderfully.
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