以前にhttpie でリクエストヘッダも表示するというメモを書きました。 改めて、HTTPie のインストール方法 / 基本的な使い方をメモしておきます。
インストール
Debian / Ubuntu にインストールする
標準リポジトリから apt-get でインストール可能です。
apt-get -y install httpie
RHEL / CentOS にインストールする
標準リポジトリにはパッケージが無い為、EPEL からインストールします。
yum -y install epel-release yum -y install python2-httpie
pip でインストールする
pip でインストールするのも簡単です。 以下は pip 自体からインストールする場合の手順です。
yum -y install gcc python-devel curl -L https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python pip install httpie
現時点ではバージョン 0.9.9 がインストールされました。
# http --version
0.9.9
使い方
基本的な使い方は以下の通りです。
オプションを指定せずに実行する
HTTPie の実体は（httpie では無くて）http です。 http に続けて URL を指定します。
# http google.com HTTP/1.1 302 Found Cache-Control: private Content-Length: 271 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Date: Tue, 05 Dec 2017 16:27:03 GMT Location: http://www.google.co.jp/?gfe_rd=cr&dcr=0&ei=18gmWs-sF7LK8gfAsaOgDQ Referrer-Policy: no-referrer <HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> <TITLE>302 Moved</TITLE></HEAD><BODY> <H1>302 Moved</H1> The document has moved <A HREF="http://www.google.co.jp/?gfe_rd=cr&dcr=0&ei=18gmWs-sF7LK8gfAsaOgDQ">here</A>. </BODY></HTML>
特定部分を表示する
特定部分を表示させるには --print= に続けて、以下のように指定します。
| 出力させたい部分 | オプション | 実行例 |
|---|---|---|
| リクエスト・ヘッダ | H |
http --print=H POST httpie.org key1=value1 key2=value2 |
| リクエスト・ボディ | B |
http --print=B POST httpie.org key1=value1 key2=value2 |
| レスポンス・ヘッダ | h |
http --print=h POST httpie.org key1=value1 key2=value2 |
| レスポンス・ボディ | b |
http --print=b POST httpie.org key1=value1 key2=value2 |
オプションは複数同時に指定することも可能です。 例えば、リクエスト・ヘッダとリクエスト・ボディを表示するのであれば --print=HB を指定します。
Cookie を保存する
Cookie を保存したい場合は --sessoin オプションを指定します。 絶対パスを指定 しなかった 場合は ~/.httpie 配下に Cookie が保存されます。
# http --print=h --session=./cookie.txt http://www.whatarecookies.com/cookietest.asp
参考
HTTPie のヘルプ
# http --help usage: http [--json] [--form] [--pretty {all,colors,format,none}] [--style STYLE] [--print WHAT] [--headers] [--body] [--verbose] [--all] [--history-print WHAT] [--stream] [--output FILE] [--download] [--continue] [--session SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH | --session-read-only SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH] [--auth USER[:PASS]] [--auth-type {basic,digest}] [--proxy PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL] [--follow] [--max-redirects MAX_REDIRECTS] [--timeout SECONDS] [--check-status] [--verify VERIFY] [--ssl {ssl2.3,ssl3,tls1,tls1.1,tls1.2}] [--cert CERT] [--cert-key CERT_KEY] [--ignore-stdin] [--help] [--version] [--traceback] [--default-scheme DEFAULT_SCHEME] [--debug] [METHOD] URL [REQUEST_ITEM [REQUEST_ITEM ...]] HTTPie - a CLI, cURL-like tool for humans. <http://httpie.org> Positional Arguments: These arguments come after any flags and in the order they are listed here. Only URL is required. METHOD The HTTP method to be used for the request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, ...). This argument can be omitted in which case HTTPie will use POST if there is some data to be sent, otherwise GET: $ http example.org # => GET $ http example.org hello=world # => POST URL The scheme defaults to 'http://' if the URL does not include one. (You can override this with: --default-scheme=https) You can also use a shorthand for localhost $ http :3000 # => http://localhost:3000 $ http :/foo # => http://localhost/foo REQUEST_ITEM Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request. The separator used determines the type: ':' HTTP headers: Referer:http://httpie.org Cookie:foo=bar User-Agent:bacon/1.0 '==' URL parameters to be appended to the request URI: search==httpie '=' Data fields to be serialized into a JSON object (with --json, -j) or form data (with --form, -f): name=HTTPie language=Python description='CLI HTTP client' ':=' Non-string JSON data fields (only with --json, -j): awesome:=true amount:=42 colors:='["red", "green", "blue"]' '@' Form file fields (only with --form, -f): cs@~/Documents/CV.pdf '=@' A data field like '=', but takes a file path and embeds its content: essay=@Documents/essay.txt ':=@' A raw JSON field like ':=', but takes a file path and embeds its content: package:=@./package.json You can use a backslash to escape a colliding separator in the field name: field-name-with\:colon=value Predefined Content Types: --json, -j (default) Data items from the command line are serialized as a JSON object. The Content-Type and Accept headers are set to application/json (if not specified). --form, -f Data items from the command line are serialized as form fields. The Content-Type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded (if not specified). The presence of any file fields results in a multipart/form-data request. Output Processing: --pretty {all,colors,format,none} Controls output processing. The value can be "none" to not prettify the output (default for redirected output), "all" to apply both colors and formatting (default for terminal output), "colors", or "format". --style STYLE, -s STYLE Output coloring style (default is "solarized"). One of: abap, algol, algol_nu, arduino, autumn, borland, bw, colorful, default, emacs, friendly, fruity, igor, lovelace, manni, monokai, murphy, native, paraiso-dark, paraiso-light, pastie, perldoc, rainbow_dash, rrt, solarized, tango, trac, vim, vs, xcode For this option to work properly, please make sure that the $TERM environment variable is set to "xterm-256color" or similar (e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color' in your ~/.bashrc). Output Options: --print WHAT, -p WHAT String specifying what the output should contain: 'H' request headers 'B' request body 'h' response headers 'b' response body The default behaviour is 'hb' (i.e., the response headers and body is printed), if standard output is not redirected. If the output is piped to another program or to a file, then only the response body is printed by default. --headers, -h Print only the response headers. Shortcut for --print=h. --body, -b Print only the response body. Shortcut for --print=b. --verbose, -v Verbose output. Print the whole request as well as the response. Also print any intermediary requests/responses (such as redirects). It's a shortcut for: --all --print=HBbh --all By default, only the final request/response is shown. Use this flag to show any intermediary requests/responses as well. Intermediary requests include followed redirects (with --follow), the first unauthorized request when Digest auth is used (--auth=digest), etc. --history-print WHAT, -P WHAT The same as --print, -p but applies only to intermediary requests/responses (such as redirects) when their inclusion is enabled with --all. If this options is not specified, then they are formatted the same way as the final response. --stream, -S Always stream the output by line, i.e., behave like `tail -f'. Without --stream and with --pretty (either set or implied), HTTPie fetches the whole response before it outputs the processed data. Set this option when you want to continuously display a prettified long-lived response, such as one from the Twitter streaming API. It is useful also without --pretty: It ensures that the output is flushed more often and in smaller chunks. --output FILE, -o FILE Save output to FILE instead of stdout. If --download is also set, then only the response body is saved to FILE. Other parts of the HTTP exchange are printed to stderr. --download, -d Do not print the response body to stdout. Rather, download it and store it in a file. The filename is guessed unless specified with --output [filename]. This action is similar to the default behaviour of wget. --continue, -c Resume an interrupted download. Note that the --output option needs to be specified as well. Sessions: --session SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH Create, or reuse and update a session. Within a session, custom headers, auth credential, as well as any cookies sent by the server persist between requests. Session files are stored in: /root/.httpie/sessions/<HOST>/<SESSION_NAME>.json. --session-read-only SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response exchange. Authentication: --auth USER[:PASS], -a USER[:PASS] If only the username is provided (-a username), HTTPie will prompt for the password. --auth-type {basic,digest}, -A {basic,digest} The authentication mechanism to be used. Defaults to "basic". "basic": Basic HTTP auth "digest": Digest HTTP auth Network: --proxy PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL String mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy (e.g. http:http://foo.bar:3128). You can specify multiple proxies with different protocols. --follow, -F Follow 30x Location redirects. --max-redirects MAX_REDIRECTS By default, requests have a limit of 30 redirects (works with --follow). --timeout SECONDS The connection timeout of the request in seconds. The default value is 30 seconds. --check-status By default, HTTPie exits with 0 when no network or other fatal errors occur. This flag instructs HTTPie to also check the HTTP status code and exit with an error if the status indicates one. When the server replies with a 4xx (Client Error) or 5xx (Server Error) status code, HTTPie exits with 4 or 5 respectively. If the response is a 3xx (Redirect) and --follow hasn't been set, then the exit status is 3. Also an error message is written to stderr if stdout is redirected. SSL: --verify VERIFY Set to "no" to skip checking the host's SSL certificate. You can also pass the path to a CA_BUNDLE file for private certs. You can also set the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment variable. Defaults to "yes". --ssl {ssl2.3,ssl3,tls1,tls1.1,tls1.2} The desired protocol version to use. This will default to SSL v2.3 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both the server and your installation of OpenSSL support. Available protocols may vary depending on OpenSSL installation (only the supported ones are shown here). --cert CERT You can specify a local cert to use as client side SSL certificate. This file may either contain both private key and certificate or you may specify --cert-key separately. --cert-key CERT_KEY The private key to use with SSL. Only needed if --cert is given and the certificate file does not contain the private key. Troubleshooting: --ignore-stdin, -I Do not attempt to read stdin. --help Show this help message and exit. --version Show version and exit. --traceback Prints the exception traceback should one occur. --default-scheme DEFAULT_SCHEME The default scheme to use if not specified in the URL. --debug Prints the exception traceback should one occur, as well as other information useful for debugging HTTPie itself and for reporting bugs. For every --OPTION there is also a --no-OPTION that reverts OPTION to its default value. Suggestions and bug reports are greatly appreciated: https://github.com/jkbrzt/httpie/issues
