-- By Chris Kuklewicz
module MonadBase(MonadBase,liftBase,MonadIO',liftIO') where
 
import Data.Monoid(Monoid)
import Control.Monad.Trans(lift,MonadTrans)
-- All the base monads with GHC
import Control.Monad.ST.Strict as S(ST)
import Control.Monad.ST.Lazy as L(ST)
import Control.Concurrent.STM(STM)
import Control.Monad.Identity(Identity)
import Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec(GenParser)
-- And all the MonadIO instances:
import Control.Monad.List(ListT)
import Control.Monad.Cont(ContT)
import Control.Monad.Error(ErrorT,Error)
import Control.Monad.Reader(ReaderT)
import Control.Monad.State(StateT)
import Control.Monad.Writer(WriterT)
import Control.Monad.RWS(RWST)
 
class (Monad m,Monad b) => MonadBase b m where
  liftBase :: b a -> m a
 
-- One can recover MonadIO and liftIO from MonadBase
class (MonadBase IO m) => MonadIO' m where
  liftIO' :: IO a -> m a
  liftIO' = liftBase
 
-- Base monads
instance MonadBase IO IO where liftBase = id
instance MonadBase STM STM where liftBase = id
instance MonadBase (GenParser tok st) (GenParser tok st) where liftBase = id
instance MonadBase (S.ST s) (S.ST s) where liftBase = id
instance MonadBase (L.ST s) (L.ST s) where liftBase = id
instance MonadBase Maybe Maybe where liftBase = id
instance MonadBase [] [] where liftBase = id
instance (Error e) => MonadBase (Either e) (Either e) where liftBase = id
instance MonadBase ((->) a) ((->) a) where liftBase = id
instance MonadBase Identity Identity where liftBase = id
 
-- Trans monads
instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (ListT m) where
  liftBase = lift . liftBase
instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (ContT r m) where
  liftBase = lift . liftBase
instance (Error e, MonadBase b m) => MonadBase b (ErrorT e m) where
  liftBase = lift . liftBase
instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (ReaderT r m) where
  liftBase = lift . liftBase
instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (StateT s m) where
  liftBase = lift . liftBase
instance (Monoid w, MonadBase b m) => MonadBase b (WriterT w m) where
  liftBase = lift . liftBase
instance (Monoid w, MonadBase b m) => MonadBase b (RWST r w s m) where
  liftBase = lift . liftBase

module Main where
 
import MonadBase
import Control.Monad.Reader
import Control.Monad.Writer
type Foo a = (WriterT [Int] (ReaderT String [])) a
 
foo :: Foo String
foo = do
   x <- liftBase [1,2,3]
   s <- ask
   tell [succ x]
   return (s ++ show x)
 
test = runReaderT (runWriterT foo) "hello"