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This tutorial assumes you've already installed the Stack build tool. If you haven't yet, please start with the get started page and then come back here.
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In this article we'll be talking about how to play with Haskell by using the REPL and building simple programs.
The next thing we might want to do is install the GHC compiler. We can use stack to install it for us. To do that, all we need to write is:
suppi@ubuntu:~$ stack setup Run from outside a project, using implicit global project config Using latest snapshot resolver: lts-6.14 [snip] For more information on paths, see 'stack path' and 'stack exec env' To use this GHC and packages outside of a project, consider using: stack ghc, stack ghci, stack runghc, or stack exec
After that, the you'll be able to run ghc, runghc and ghci anywhere by typing
stack exec -- <command>
For example:
suppi@ubuntu:~$ stack exec -- ghc --version Run from outside a project, using implicit global project config Using resolver: lts-6.14 from implicit global project's config file: /home/suppi/.stack/global-project/stack.yaml The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System, version 7.10.3
Let's try opening ghci and write something
suppi@ubuntu:~$ stack exec -- ghci Run from outside a project, using implicit global project config Using resolver: lts-6.14 from implicit global project's config file: /home/suppi/.stack/global-project/stack.yaml GHCi, version 7.10.3: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help Prelude> putStrLn "Hello, Haskell!" Hello, Haskell! Prelude> :q Leaving GHCi.
Ok! so Stack ran GHCi using the global project configuration. Stack can manage different dependencies for different projects, so when you are not in a folder associated with a project, it will use the default configuration.
Next, we write some haskell code: putStrLn "Hello, Haskell!" and GHCi immediately
evaluate and execute it.
After that, we type the :q command to leave GHCi.
Here's an example of using ghc to compile a Haskell source file
and then running the compiled executable:
suppi@ubuntu:~$ cat > Main.hs module Main where main :: IO () main = putStrLn "Hello from Haskell!" ^C suppi@ubuntu:~$ stack exec -- ghc Main.hs -o HiHaskell Run from outside a project, using implicit global project config Using resolver: lts-6.14 from implicit global project's config file: /home/suppi/.stack/global-project/stack.yaml [1 of 1] Compiling Main ( Main.hs, Main.o ) Linking HiHaskell ... suppi@ubuntu:~$ ./HiHaskell Hello from Haskell!
We can also just run the file without compiling it using runghc:
suppi@ubuntu:~$ stack exec -- runghc Main.hs Run from outside a project, using implicit global project config Using resolver: lts-6.14 from implicit global project's config file: /home/suppi/.stack/global-project/stack.yaml Hello from Haskell!
By default, Stack will only use the standard Haskell library called base.
If we'd like to use external packages, for example: http-client, we can use
the --package flag. This flag will download the package specified and its dependencies
the first time, so it may take some time to load, but the next time you will try it,
Stack will use the packages it downloaded the first time.
Here's a short example of running a GET request using http-client from GHCi:
suppi@ubuntu:~$ stack exec --package http-client -- ghci
Run from outside a project, using implicit global project config
Using resolver: lts-6.14 from implicit global project's config file:
/home/suppi/.stack/global-project/stack.yaml
base64-bytestring-1.0.0.1: download
base64-bytestring-1.0.0.1: configure
[snip]
http-client-0.4.31: build
http-client-0.4.31: copy/register
Completed 25 action(s).
GHCi, version 7.10.3: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help
Prelude> import Network.HTTP.Client
Prelude Network.HTTP.Client> manager <- newManager defaultManagerSettings
Prelude Network.HTTP.Client> request <- parseRequest "http://httpbin.org/get"
Prelude Network.HTTP.Client> response <- httpLbs request manager
Prelude Network.HTTP.Client> putStrLn (read (show (responseBody response)))
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
"Host": "httpbin.org"
},
"origin": "5.102.241.151",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
}That's it for this guide. There is of course more to learn, but this should be enough to start learning from different Haskell learning materials using Stack.
What's next?
Pickup a learning resource. I can recommend Haskell Programming from First Principles, but there are more resources available.
Read the Stack documentation to learn more about building and managing Haskell programs and libraries using Stack.
What I Wish I Knew When Learning Haskell - A really long reference for a lot Haskell related concepts, features and libraries. Also links to other materials by subject
Good luck learning Haskell! I hope you'll enjoy it!