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Ask HN: How have you achieved financial independence?
71 points by tsaprailis 2 hours ago | hide | past | web | 33 comments | favorite
I know this is a niche question, but have you reached a point where you have enough passive income to not to have to work for a living? If so how did you accomplish it?





I'm only responding because nobody else has replied to your thread. Feel free to ignore me if you think it is irrelevant.

My favourite Dr. Who quote: "Work for? I don't work for anyone. I'm just having fun."

Describes me, even though I receive money every month. My expenditures are considerably less than the money I receive every month by having fun. If I didn't receive money, then I would be in trouble, so I don't really qualify for your question, but I'm having fun so I'll answer anyway.

Step #1. Reduce my expenditures below what most people consider reasonable. I lived for more than 5 years on less than $10K a year. It was much easier than I thought. I discovered that spending more than this amount of money, I was no happier. Who knew? What really counted was having so much more income than outgo that money became completely irrelevant to me.

After I did that, I stopped worrying about working. There isn't a job in the 1st world that pays less money than I'm comfortable with. I started taking jobs that interested me instead of jobs that paid me money.

Then I got married. That threw a monkey wrench into the works! But I'm slowly working thought that ;-)

Honestly, people tie themselves to a grindstone to make as much money as possible because they think it will remove stress and give them a nice life. I don't think that works most of the time.


I would like to hear more about living on less than $10k a year. I'm still a student and my parents pay a lot, so I don't actually know how much I'd spend if I paid for everything myself currently. I just always assumed that $40k is about the minimum for a normal living. Doing the math though, counting food, rent and "service costs" (water, electricity, internet), I end up with a lower bound of about 6000 a year.

This means zero other expenditures: you need to already own all furniture and appliances you want, and you can't have a method of transportation other than a bike and feet. There will probably be random other expenses like light bulbs, repairing a flat bike tire, etc., but it seems to be possible. Did I get the math right, or am I forgetting something (like an uncovered expense, or that you can totally have a car as long as it's electric or so)?


> Then I got married. That threw a monkey wrench into the works! But I'm slowly working thought that ;-)

When you have children, it gets worse on that front. :(

The bright side is that it's still possible to achieve if you both have the discipline: http://www.mrmoneymustache.com/


The married part is the one I am more interested in.

I too live extremely cheaply, but my girlfriend has way more expense than me (still reasonable, but too high in my book).

We are not married, but we spend a lot of time together and I am a little afraid that this difference in how we spend money will be a problem.

How did you manage it?

My very first step was to have her create a save account where she deposit each month a little bit of money, after I explained her the why she need one she started to accumulate money pretty quickly and in a very disciplinate way, all those money however disappeared when she bought a new house (but I believe it is fair).


Disclaimer first that I am not a relationship expert.

I was lucky/fortunate in that my wife and I both have a similar outlook when it comes to financial planning. We both want to achieve financial independence before the traditional retirement age and as such, we keep track of our expenses to ensure we're saving enough each month.

Before we got married, we sat down and talked about these things, a lot. Each relationship is different, but in my opinion, if you're in a serious relationship, openness and honesty are pretty important. Talking about future goals, plans, etc. can go a long way.


you need to have some sort of compromise. It's unreasonable to expect her to cxhange and you not to.

10K is indeed unreasonably low. Could you describe where in Japan you live, what kind of work you do now, and the transformation you possibly experienced when you decided to work for curiosity / interest rather than money?

I have had a reverse path - I spent my early career working for a research lab, where the the work was immensely intellectually satisfying and fun for the most part. However, the pay was so ridiculously low that my industry salary was a few integer multiples of my researcher pay.


Thanks for your reply. I was thinking about the same, while I make more than I spend, and for the time being I can save money, this indeed requires working. The "problem" would start when you have depended family members and you cannot calculate, or rather plan for all expenses in advance, what have you done to plan for this?

Yes, this is a problem. I think the biggest thing I fear is poor health. I live in Japan which has a health care system, but it can still be quite expensive to be ill. Also, my wife and I won't have children probably, so while that saves money up front, I have nobody to look after me when I get old.

Insurance is my main hedge against these risks. I try to follow a healthy lifestyle as well. I used to keep fish and it's amazing how much longer fish live when they aren't stressed. I try to replicate that. Finally I try to buy long term, low risk investments (like government bonds) with my excess cash. However, I keep a few years worth of money available in liquid assets for things like disability.

Probably the biggest risk is getting a mental illness that isn't covered by long term disability insurance. I have no idea how to deal with that one :-( All of my skills to live simply may be useless if I lose the mental ability to use them.


Just turned 30. Invested most of my savings (20k€) into Bitcoin several years ago, and then converted everything to Ethereum in the pre-sale. Those 20k€ are worth roughly 1M€ pre-tax at the current rates.

Started a fintech startup three years ago and we are close to a liquidation event that would net ~1.5M€ pre-tax.

Right now, though, I have less than 10k€ in my bank account. Would be also really curious to hear how to convert that money into sustainable passive income.

Spending 3k€ per month for the next 30 years would be about 1M€. Seems like having <5M€ is far from the "go bananas" type of wealth, but it can definitely be enough to achieve FI.

Achieving ~4% annualized ROI after tax and inflation seems plausible in the long term: https://www.reddit.com/r/financialindependence/wiki/faq


> Spending 3k€ per month for the next 30 years would be about 1M€

That is only withdrawing the principal without taking into account the real interest/yield rate you can make off the investment. That money would probably last longer or yield more for the same time period.

In fact, as you point out it can last indefinitely with an after inflation and tax ROI(real yield) of 4% which converts to ~3k/mo. You would have to plowback excess returns on good years and withdraw part of the principal on bad years. Plus readjusting your expectations from time to time.

One of the best investments you can make is to get a financial education. You don't need to get a pedigree to show on your job interview, you should go only after the knowledge which will be cheaper.

And lastly a diversified mix of stocks, long term bonds and short term notes will earn you that passive income. Now that you are young take a little more risk and shift your allocation gradually towards short term debt as you age.


The real interest rate is usually negative in today's environment; I'd love to know where you're getting a risk-free 4% after inflation and tax.

Is there a specific reason you're keeping so much of your wealth tied up in Ethereum? (Not that clued up on it, perhaps there isn't a big enough market there to sell it yet?) It seems to me like having all of your eggs in one basket. Wouldn't it be better to convert a decent portion of it to cash and invest that in a nice mixture of stock and bonds?

Ethereum seems to have great potential to multiply its value in the next 12-24 months. I think the probability of ETH going from 1B$ -> 2-5B$ market cap is far greater than BTC going from 10B$ to 20-50B$ due to several factors.

My line of thinking has been that in order for the 4% to be meaningful, you need to start with at least millions. Saving few hundred from the salary each month and getting 4% annualized growth just wouldn't have ever achieved the type of financial wealth I had in mind. YMMV.

But now I feel like the time has come to diversify and start reducing the risks. Going from 20$ to 10$ per ETH definitely hurt.


Hi there, can you explain to us why you chose to invest so heavily in Bitcoin and Ethereum? What gave you the certainty that they would go so well?

I just switched from Wealthfront to Betterment, because their software does a good job of helping you with this. It asks you what you're using the money for, when you'll need it, and about your tax situation. It'll automatically provide different investment options based on what you answer. So, for your situation you could put some of it into an income producing "goal", and put the rest into something more growth oriented.

Definitely worth checking out: http://betterment.com/invite/seanhess

(disclosure: that is my invite link which gets me free months without fees. I do love the service a lot).


Both this and Welathfront only operate within the US, which is a shame. Anyone aware of a similar service operating within the EU?

I had the opportunity to hear major german bank disappoint affluent customers by telling them that, in stark contrast to the past, there is no risk-free 4% in the stock market any more (when using the basic strategies available retail like investment funds etc). If true, you might have to play a more active role and "run a business" instead of "invest some".

Related, I am wondering if any of you have any tips on securing financial independence / passive income that will hopefully be Tech recession proof.

I.e, best way to see yourself through a Tech downturn without taking a severe hit to your wealth.

I say this because I've had recent experience with people losing huge amounts of their wealth, and almost going bankrupt during the Oil price crash.

For instance I know Oil workers who had most of their wealth in oil company shares, a house in an oil related city and lose their oil industry job.

I'd imagine their are lots in tech that are the same, large amount of Tech shares, a house in the Bay area and a job in Tech.

Anyone got any tips on diversifying for a downturn? What shares (if any???) are likely to do well if Tech has a bad patch.


A mix of consulting, products and bitcoin. Happened to just be in a right place at the right time, and took (mostly) the right risks. Basically I went from zero net worth to 2-3 million liquid, within about 7 years. Also have some other illiquid assets which could be worth more or less.

First I started with consulting, then slowly started developing different apps/products/services, and funded the development from consulting/contracting income. Soon the products themselves gave me 2-3k/month, and I didn't need to do that much consulting any more. As Bitcoin came, I already had some money to invest. I lived very frugally, and invested heavily in Bitcoin when it was around $10 or something. Also I have invested in stocks/ETF:s/etc all the time but those play pretty minor role. Mostly got one thing right.


I described this in pretty great detail over on IndieHackers (https://indiehackers.com/businesses/complice) and also answered a bunch of related questions on this HN thread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12269425

TL;DR = spent 20h/week for 2 years building a product that people wanted. But there are a lot of juicy insights etc in those links.


Thanks for the links, I will take a look. Your story seems like what I have in mind trying to replicate.

I'm trying to get closer to this goal by renting out rooms in my house. It's not something that a lot of people do and there are legal issues. however it does get me a nice amount of passive income. this is about 1k EUR per month. I'm hoping to get it up to the level of my salary (1700 EUR) within the next year.

I can pay my rent and bills from investment income and capital gain on investments. This is, of course, not remotely guaranteed, but over the last few years it's worked out. I do still work, though.

I did it by putting large amounts of my income into low cost index funds focussing on various sectors, and some specific shares that I thought would do well.


Thanks for the feedback. Could you clarify if you only use the capital gains? I have read that dividend stocks are also a good way to have a passive income. Additionally have you thought about what you would do in case of a market downturn?

Dividend stocks are not a good way to have passive income. The benefit of the dividend is already priced into the stock, so they are no better than any other stock. Prefer, rather, to just go for good stocks and not worry about the dividend. If you need income, sell some stocks.

Also, the % that you're pulling out of stocks should be determined by looking at, say, a 30 year window, not a very recent one. That is, if your savings can sustain a 2% withdraw every year, taking into account inflation, then take out 2% every year. Some years this will be less that your cap gains and some years more. The key is making a long term outlook.

FWIW, these are some very brief thoughts of mine on investment: https://github.com/nickgieschen/investingguidelines


"The benefit of the dividend is already priced into the stock, so they are no better than any other stock."

I hear this sort of thing a lot, and in my experience, everything already being priced in isn't true (both of dividend stocks, and stocks not paying dividends). This relies on the efficient market hypothesis being broadly correct, and based purely on my own experience, it isn't.

My findings are very much based on my own experience, but I have had no small success simply reading the news and seeing that a company is doing well or is looking at a brighter future, and buying shares in them and making a nice profit on it out of both increased share price and increasing dividends. The EMH suggests that it shouldn't work; that by the time I get round to buying the shares, the efficient market has priced all that in. But it just doesn't seem to be true, in my experience.


You're talking about two different things: Stock picking and whether dividends are priced in. Because stock picking works for you (let's ignore the sample size issue), doesn't mean dividends aren't priced in.

I believe that dividends are not priced in.

I do not believe this because stock picking works for me.

I believe it because the market is not efficient, and dividends being priced in relies on an efficient market. Any success I have in stock picking relies on this inefficiency; it's just a symptom.


Currently, I don't use any of it. I keep track of the gains (which is how I know they outweigh my rent and bills), but because I still work, I pay the rent and bills out of wages and leave the investments alone.

All my dividends get reinvested. I'm in the UK, and I've taken full advantage of the tax free savings scheme, currently allowing about 15000 GBP a year to be put into stocks and funds with no tax to pay on dividends or gains.

There have been market downturns during the time I've done this (started around 2005). Generally, during a downturn, I scrape together as much spare cash as I can and invest it in things that seem cheap. April 2015 to April 2016 was something of a downturn, for example, and I ploughed extra money into the markets while prices were low.


Forces pension, various websites, P2P lending (ZOPA, Funding Circle, Lend Invest, etc) and soon (hopefully) Bonds & shares via CrowdCube.

Thanks, do these provide a passive income or just capital gains?

As others have mentioned, financial independence isn't hard. The hard part is financial independence without lifestyle compromises.

I'm making roughly $2k/month with books and workshops. The marketing and content producing takes about 2h/day on average. It makes my life a lot easier and less stressful.

But rent alone is $3500 in this stupid city (San Francisco). So I still need a day job for now.




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