原発被災地の医療は今～福島県双葉郡広野町・高野病院奮戦記　第１回

投稿日: 2016年02月16日 15時22分 JST 更新: 2016年02月16日 15時22分 JST

福島県双葉郡広野町にあります、高野病院・事務長の高野己保（みお）と申します。当院は、内科療養病棟65床・精神科病棟53床の開設35年、福島県広野町に根をはる病院です。

原子力発電所の近くの医療はどうなっているの？地域住民が避難して、人が住んでいないのだから、患者さんもいないのでは？それなのに病院は必要なの？そう思う方も多いと思います。福島第一原子力発電所から22キロ南、たった1つ残り、それも民間病院であるため、「大丈夫？」と声はかけられても、ほとんどの方の手は差し出されることはない...という状況に置かれている高野病院から、数回に分けて被災地の医療の現状をお伝えしたいと思います。

この2年で、広野町の人口は震災前の約5,400人から2,000人に激減しました。2015年9月に警戒区域が解除された隣の楢葉町は、約8,000人のうち400人しか戻っていません。しかし、広野町には推定3,000人越えの東電、除染、その他の工事関係者が住んでいます。従来のコミュニティが崩壊し、全く別の形となったこの町では、医療においても沢山の問題が起こっています。

まずは救急搬送の増加です。平成25年を基準とすると、救急搬送は昨年がその6倍、今年は11倍です。さらに夜間、休日、時間外の診療受入は2倍、その半数が、復興関係の人達です。高野病院から一番近い入院機能を持つ病院は、原発事故の影響で、南のいわき市に17キロ、北の南相馬市に60キロ行かなければありません。高度な治療が必要な場合は、北は南相馬市立総合病院、南はいわき共立病院、それでも対応できない場合には、さらに3時間近くかけて福島県立医大まで行くしかありません。

いわき市には住民登録をしていない双葉郡からの避難住民が2万4千人、除染作業員が3万4千人おり、震災の年には33万5千人弱だった人口が35万7千人に増加しています。医療機関はスタッフ不足もあり疲弊しており、救急医療もパンク状態です。

いわき市で受け入れられないと言われた救急車が、高野病院まで走ってきます。夜中に救急隊から「他は全部断られて、高野病院さんが最後なんです」と、言われてしまっては、受け入れるしかありません。

インフルエンザで救急車を呼ぶ、朝から腹痛があったのに夜間に受診。などがあまりにも続いた時、院長が患者さんに聞き取りをしました。みなさん「仕事が休めない」、「具合が悪いのを知られたら仕事を失くす」、「昼間は我慢している」とのことでした。中には｢会社には言わないで欲しい｣とおっしゃる人もいます。夏場では特に脱水症状をぎりぎりまで我慢して救急搬送というのが一番多かったです。

いわき市では、除染作業員が飲み屋で問題を起こすため、外出自粛令がでました。するとみなさん宿舎で飲むことが多くなり、休みの日に朝から飲んだため、夕方に動けなくなり救急搬送などもあります。

先月は酔っ払った患者さんが搬送されてきましたが、付きそいの方も酔っ払いで、担当の女性医師や事務の女性にセクハラまがいの言葉を投げつけ、住所も確認できませんでした。結局その方は治療を拒否して、帰り際に「もう1回飲み直すか～」と言って、救急隊の方にたしなめられていました。

また身元を確認されたくない方などは、何をうかがっても「うるせ～」「ばかやろ～」などと暴言を吐き、スタッフを威圧します。当院の救急対応は、夜勤者がしていますが、通常業務以外で受けるストレスは大きいです。

また夜間に救急で運ばれた方達の、治療後の帰宅手段も問題です。迎えに来ていただける場合は良いのですが、誰もいない方はタクシーでお帰りいただいています。しかし、広野町で唯一稼動しているタクシー会社は夜9時で終了。一番近い、いわき市のタクシー会社も午前2時までなので、点滴治療で時間がかると帰る手段がなくなります。広野町内の方で遅くなった患者さんを、当院の医師が自車で送ったこともありました。

また、最近多いのが死体検案です。2015年は毎月一件以上必ず、朝晩関係なく入ってきました。その半数は残念ながら自殺であるのも被災地ゆえでしょうか。

救急の増加などは、前もって予想ができていたため、暫定的に今だけでも、特例的な病床をお願いできないかと県の地域医療課などに相談に行きました。しかし、この地域は病床過剰地域なので、認められない、どうしてもというなら、現在の高野病院の療養病床を転換するようにと言われました。それならば、今閉鎖している他の病院の病床を借りられないかとお話をしましたが、特例は認められませんでした。

当院は双葉郡で稼働する唯一の病院であるのに、です。いわき市の救急医療も、双葉郡の救急隊も長時間の搬送などで疲弊している中で、当院が少しでもその負担軽減の役に立てるならと思っての提案も、行政には伝わりませんでした。

この地域の医療をなくさないためにも、一刻も早く対策を打たせて欲しいと広野町にお願いをしましたが、双葉郡の町村会は今後の医療計画は、公の医療機関が主となって進めると新聞に発表しました。私たちの病院は私立です。私達はこの地で、救急や死体検案の増加、除染作業員のモラルハザードなどの新たな問題に直面しながらも、どうにか医療を継続しているのです。

（2016年2月10日「MRIC by 医療ガバナンス」より転載）

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福島浜通り 2015年秋

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Workers take a break in a new rest area at Tokyo Electric Power Company's tsunami-crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture, northeast of Tokyo, Japan, 09 October 2015, about four years and seven months after the magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami in 11 March 2011. Tokyo Electric Power Company said on 09 October 2015 full facemarks are now required only at 10 per cents area at its Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant like to work inside Unit 1 to 4 reactor bu　
This Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo shows storage bags containing soil, chopped trees and other contaminants collected from parts of Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. The townâs viability is far from certain, and its fate will be watched closely by authorities and neighboring towns to see if recovery is indeed possible in this radiation-contaminated land. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
In this Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo, a dosimeter is set in the ground at Naraha Kita Elementary School in Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. Schools wont reopen for another two years, and many families with children are staying away due to concerns about radiation levels, which authorities say are below the annual allowable limit. Residents are given personal dosimeters to check their own radiation levels if they want. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
In this Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo, the ground of Naraha Kita Elementary School is covered in weeds in Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. Schools wonât reopen for another two years, and many families with children are staying away due to concerns about radiation levels, which authorities say are below the annual allowable limit. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
In this Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo, the rusty train track of Joban line is covered with weeds near the Tatsuta Station in Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. The townâs viability is far from certain, and its fate will be watched closely by authorities and neighboring towns to see if recovery is indeed possible in this radiation-contaminated land. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
In this Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo, a resident's new house is under construction in Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak.The townâs viability is far from certain, and its fate will be watched closely by authorities and neighboring towns to see if recovery is indeed possible in this radiation-contaminated land. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
This Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo shows storage bags containing soil, chopped trees and other contaminants collected from parts of Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. The towns viability is far from certain, and its fate will be watched closely by authorities and neighboring towns to see if recovery is indeed possible in this radiation-contaminated land. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
This Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo shows storage bags containing soil, chopped trees and other contaminants collected from parts of Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. The towns viability is far from certain, and its fate will be watched closely by authorities and neighboring towns to see if recovery is indeed possible in this radiation-contaminated land. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
This Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo shows storage bags containing soil, chopped trees and other contaminants collected from parts of Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. The towns viability is far from certain, and its fate will be watched closely by authorities and neighboring towns to see if recovery is indeed possible in this radiation-contaminated land. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
In this Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo, a neighbor's new house under construction is seen through windows of Naoko Kanai's house after returning home for the first time in about two months, in Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. Kanai, a 50-year-old homemaker, is among those having trouble deciding whether to return to Naraha permanently. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
In this Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo, Naoko Kanai walks around her house, back, next to a deserted house after returning home for the first time in about two months, in Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. Kanai, a 50-year-old homemaker, is among those having trouble deciding whether to return to Naraha permanently. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
In this Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo, weeds surround a house in Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. The towns viability is far from certain, and its fate will be watched closely by authorities and neighboring towns to see if recovery is indeed possible in this radiation-contaminated land. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
In this Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo, a security guard cleans the compound of a facility for research and development of technology and robotics for the decommissioning of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, in Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. The towns viability is far from certain, and its fate will be watched closely by authorities and neighboring towns to see if recovery is indeed possible in this radiation-contaminated land. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
In this Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 photo, people visit a prefabricated building housing a supermarket and restaurants set up in Naraha town, Fukushima prefecture, northeastern Japan. This past weekend, Naraha became the first of seven towns that had been entirely evacuated to reopen since the March 11, 2011, disaster, when a tsunami slammed into the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, causing meltdowns and a massive radiation leak. The townâs viability is far from certain, and its fate will be watched closely by authorities and neighboring towns to see if recovery is indeed possible in this radiation-contaminated land. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
「とまとランドいわき」の栽培温室を視察される皇太子ご夫妻（中央）＝８日午後、福島県いわき市［代表撮影］　撮影日：2015年10月08日
福島県立ふたば未来学園高校を訪れ、生徒の発表を視察する皇太子さまと雅子さま＝８日午後、福島県広野町　撮影日：2015年10月08日
Old type of storage tanks of contaminated water are ranked serried near reactor buildings at Tokyo Electric Power Company's (TEPCO) tsunami-crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture, northeast of Tokyo, Japan, 09 October 2015, about four years and seven months after the magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami in 11 March 2011. Unit 2 is seen in the center and Unit 3 is between 4 and 2. Unit 1 is behind of 2. Units 5 and 6 are seen in left rear. EPA/KIMIMASA MAYAMA　
A Japan Coast Guard vessel (back, L) patrols the coast off the reactor building of Units 2 at Tokyo Electric Power Company's (TEPCO) tsunami-crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture, northeast of Tokyo, Japan, 09 October 2015, about four years and seven months after the magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami in 11 March 2011. EPA/KIMIMASA MAYAMA
Workers construct a seaside impermeable wall to prevent leakage of contaminated water in front of Unit 1 reactor building at Tokyo Electric Power Company's tsunami-crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture, northeast of Tokyo, Japan, 09 October 2015, about four years and seven months after the magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami in 11 March 2011. At the Unit 1, identification of the status of fuel debris on the operating floor and inside fuel pools at the react　
Security guards stop vehicles at a check point near Tokyo Electric Power Company's tsunami-crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (rear) in Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture, northeast of Tokyo, Japan, 09 October 2015, about four years and seven months after the magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami in 11 March 2011. EPA/KIMIMASA MAYAMA　撮影日：2015年10月09日
Workers on a truck wear full facemasks with Tyvek protective clothing suits on the way to their working site at Tokyo Electric Power Company's tsunami-crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture, northeast of Tokyo, Japan, 09 October 2015, about four years and seven months after the magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami in 11 March 2011. Tokyo Electric Power Company said on 09 October 2015 full facemarks are now required only at 10 per cents area at its Fukushima D　
A driver wearing full facemasks with Tyvek protective clothing suits drives through devastated reactor buildings of Unit 3 at Tokyo Electric Power Company's tsunami-crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture, northeast of Tokyo, Japan, 09 October 2015, about four years and seven months after the magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami in 11 March 2011. Tokyo Electric Power Company said on 09 October 2015 full facemarks are now required only at 10 per cents area at i　
視察に訪れた東京電力福島第１原子力発電所の原子炉建屋前で、東電の担当者から説明を聞く林幹雄経済産業相（左端）＝１２日、福島県大熊町［代表撮影］　撮影日：2015年10月12日
東京電力福島第１原子力発電所事故による避難指示が９月に解除された福島県楢葉町の木戸川で１８日、５年ぶりに本格的なサケ漁が行われた。サケ漁は同町の観光の目玉だったが、原発事故の影響で中断。網から黒く輝くサケが姿を見せると、漁協関係者から笑顔がこぼれた。いわき市から４歳の子どもと来た女性は「スーパーでしか見たことがなかった。こんなに大きいなんて」とびっくりした様子。１１月上旬に最盛期を迎え、１２月１０日ごろまで続けられる。　撮影日：2015年10月18日
福島県大熊町大川原地区で、町の模型を前に説明を受ける安倍晋三首相（左から３人目）＝１９日。［代表撮影］　撮影日：2015年10月19日
２０１６年３月に完成予定の日本原子力研究開発機構（ＪＡＥＡ）の楢葉遠隔技術開発センター試験棟。東京電力福島第１原子力発電所の廃炉作業の実証実験をするため、原子炉格納容器の下部を原寸大で再現した模型などが設置される予定＝１９日、福島県楢葉町　撮影日：2015年10月19日
「ここなら商店街」のブイチェーンネモトで買い物をする安倍晋三首相＝１９日、福島県楢葉町［代表撮影］　撮影日：2015年10月19日
A photograph made available 11 November 2015 shows the remains of an elementary school that was devastated by the 2011 tsunami and nuclear accident in Minami Soma city, Fukushima prefecture, Japan, 10 November 2015. The children were evacuated from the tsunami devastated and nuclear contaminated Odaka area of Minami Soma city, located less than 20 kilometers from the damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant in March 2001. The temporary school was built two years after the accident. Plans are underw　
A photograph made available 11 November 2015 shows the exterior of a temporary elementary school for children victims of the 2011 tsunami and nuclear accident in Minami Soma city, Fukushima prefecture, Japan, 10 November 2015. The children were evacuated from the tsunami devastated and nuclear contaminated Odaka area of Minami Soma city, located less than 20 kilometers from the damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant in March 2001. The temporary school was built two years after the accident. Plans　
Black bags of radiated soil are prepared for burial at a site in Namie city, Fukushima prefecture, Japan, 11 November 2015. Local residents are not yet permitted to return to the city but in the neighbouring town of Odaka residents will be allowed to return after decontamination efforts are completed in spring of 2016. EPA/EVERETT KENNEDY BROWN　
Black bags of radiated soil are prepared for burial at a site in Namie city, Fukushima prefecture, Japan, 11 November 2015. Local residents are not yet permitted to return to the city but in the neighbouring town of Odaka residents will be allowed to return after decontamination efforts are completed in spring of 2016. EPA/EVERETT KENNEDY BROWN