HTTP/2 for the Web Developer

HTTP/2 for the Web Developer

1. 1. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ SPRINGONE2GX WASHINGTON, DC HTTP/2 for the web developer By Brian Clozel @brianclozel
2. 2. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Hello! @brianclozel Spring Framework committer Sagan lead developer 2
3. 3. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Too Long; Didn’t Attend 1. HTTP/2 is about solving latency issues,
 but also introduces features with new possibilities
 2.It retains the semantics of HTTP 1.1,
 but dev + ops need to evolve
 3. Server Push & Stream prioritization
 are more complex than one might think
 4. Support is on its way, adoption rate is great,
 but still questions on deployment options & implementations 3
4. 4. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ What’s wrong with HTTP 1.1? 4
5. 5. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP 1.1 is here to stay RFC 2616 is now obsolete
 RFC 7230-7235 5
6. 6. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP 1.1 issues • Sending redundant info in HTTP headers 
 • Privacy
 • UPGRADE to other protocols 6
7. 7. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP 1.1 issues - Head of line blocking 7 Client Server Request #1 Response #1 Request #2 Response #2
8. 8. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Head of line blocking More TCP connections/ domain?
 
 Domain sharding? 8
9. 9. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP 1.1 Workarounds • Browser heuristics
 • Concatenating files
 • Image Sprites
 • Inlining content 9
10. 10. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP usage: reality check • > 2100kB / page
 • 100 req / page 10 Source: http://httparchive.org/trends.php
11. 11. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP usage: reality check • > 18 domains
 • Max 50 req / domain 11 Source: http://httparchive.org/trends.php
12. 12. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Improving page load time Bandwidth vs. Latency 12
13. 13. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Problems with HTTP 1.1 workarounds 13
14. 14. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Domain sharding • No magical number • Cost of DNS queries
 • TCP slow start 14
15. 15. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Concatenation • cache efficiency/invalidation • client performance
 • client build more complex 15
16. 16. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Sprites 16
17. 17. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 protocol basics 17
18. 18. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Protocol basics 1/6 A single TCP connection 18
19. 19. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Protocol basics 2/6 Multiple Streams 19
20. 20. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Protocol basics 3/6 Binary Framing 20
21. 21. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Streams 21 Client Server Stream: 3
 HEADERS Stream: 5
 HEADERS Stream: 5
 DATA Stream: 3
 HEADERS Stream: 3
 DATA Stream: 5
 HEADERS Stream: 3
 DATA
22. 22. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Protocol basics 4/6 Flow Control 22
23. 23. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Protocol basics 5/6 HPACK (header compression) 23
24. 24. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Header table 24 id name value 12 :path /index.html
25. 25. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Static + dynamic tables 25 Client Server
26. 26. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Protocol basics 6/6 TLS (not) required 26
27. 27. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Security concerns… 27
28. 28. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 with Spring Boot + Jetty 28
29. 29. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ With undertow! 29 Source: https://github.com/making/demo-http2
30. 30. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ SSL Keylog File 30
31. 31. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ SSL Keylog file content 31 CLIENT_RANDOM <space> <64 bytes of hex encoded client_random> 
 <space> <96 bytes of hex encoded master secret>
32. 32. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ SSL Keylog file in Wireshark 32
33. 33. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 support & adoption 33
34. 34. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Server implementations (native) • Apache Traffic Server • Nginx (alpha patch) • apache httpd (mod_h2) • h2o • nghttp2.org 34
35. 35. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ On the JVM • Undertow • Jetty • Netty • OkHttp • Tomcat 9 (WIP) 35
36. 36. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Application Layer Protocol Negotiation • protocol negotiation in TLS handshake
 • formerly NPN
 • vs. protocol Upgrade in HTTP 1.1
 • your SSL/TLS implementation must support it 36
37. 37. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ ALPN and JDK support • JDK6 only supports TLSv1 • JDK7 supports TLSv1.2 • JDK8 supports TLSv1.2 (default) • JDK9 will support ALPN • Note: JSSE ciphers support… 37 Source: https://blogs.oracle.com/java-platform-group/entry/diagnosing_tls_ssl_and_https
38. 38. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ ALPN support with JDK7 and JDK8 • using jetty-alpn.jar
 • overrides sun.security.ssl.{ClientHandshaker,ServerHandshaker}
 • java -Xbootclasspath/p:<path_to_alpn_boot_jar> …
 • jar version compatibility check with JDK version 38 Source: https://blogs.oracle.com/java-platform-group/entry/diagnosing_tls_ssl_and_https
39. 39. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ JDK9 improvements • ALPN support (work in progress) • cipher updates • HTTP/2 Client • replace HTTPUrlConnection • async notifications on headers, body, server push… • CompletableFuture and lambdas 39 JEP 110: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8042950
40. 40. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Servlet 4.0 • Servlet 3.1 shipped with async IO
 • Supporting http/2 additional capabilities
 (stream prioritization & server push APIs) • Considering Reactive Streams support and java.util.concurrent.Flow 40 Source: https://java.net/projects/servlet-spec/lists/jsr369-experts/archive/2015-08/message/1
41. 41. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Reactive Streams • reactive-streams.org • « Asynchronous stream with non-blocking back-pressure » 41 « Introduction to Reactive Programming »
 Stephane Maldini, Rossen Stoyanchev
 10:30 AM today!
42. 42. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 Flow Control 42 Client Server Stream: 5
 HEADERS Stream: 5
 DATA Stream: 5
 DATA Stream: 5
 WINDOW_UPDATE
 xx octets
43. 43. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Differentiating features • IO & programming model • Optional features in HTTP/2 • Server Push • Stream prioritization • Proxy capacities 43
44. 44. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 browser support 44 Source: caniuse.com
45. 45. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 browser support (market share) 45 Source: caniuse.com
46. 46. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 responses in global traffic (Firefox 40) 46 Source: telemetry.mozilla.org SSL 48 % cleartext 52 % 1 % h2 14 % http 1.1 85 %
47. 47. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Pre-flight HTTP/2 checklist (6 steps) 47
48. 48. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Step 1: Improve TCP support on servers • Upgrade Linux kernels to 3.2+ • Set Initial Congestion Window to 10 segments
 • TCP Fast Open support
 • Proportional Rate Reduction 48
49. 49. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Step 2: Enforce HTTP 1.1 best practices • Cache-Control and ETag headers • gzip/deflate
 • image compression / media queries
 • get ready to remove HTTP 1.1 workarounds 49
50. 50. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Step 3: Assess your infrastructure • Compatible with long-lived/single connections? • Failover strategies, proxies/load balancers compatible?
 • Network devices/software relying on HTTP 1.1 cleartext ?
 • monitoring tools, custom metrics, etc 50
51. 51. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Step 4: Secure your application with TLS • New requirements for certificates: SHA256 RSA, 2048bits • TLS v1.2 (limited list of ciphers)
 • h2c won’t really help here
 • letsencrypt.org 51
52. 52. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Step 5: Undo HTTP1.1 workarounds? • Most of those are harmful when applied to HTTP/2 • What about supporting both HTTP 1.1 & HTTP/2 52
53. 53. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Step 6: Update your development toolset • Web developer tools, Wireshark, NSSKeyLog • Test your app with latency! 53
54. 54. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 Server Push 54
55. 55. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Push_Promise 55 Client Server Stream: 5
 HEADERS
 GET /resource Stream: 5
 PUSH_PROMISE
 Promised Stream: 8
 GET /other Stream: 8
 DATA Stream: 5
 HEADERS Stream: 8
 HEADERS
56. 56. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 Server Push //  Latency  solved!  Off  to  the  pub!
 @HttpPush("/*.css",  "/*.js")   public  void  myControllerHandler()  {      //  Some  code  here   } 56
57. 57. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Push_Promise: already cached! 57 Client Server Stream: 8
 RST_STREAM
 CANCEL Stream: 5
 PUSH_PROMISE
 Promised Stream: 8
 GET /other Stream: 8
 HEADERS Stream: 5
 PUSH_PROMISE
 Promised Stream: 9
 GET /something Stream: 9
 RST_STREAM
 CANCEL
58. 58. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Push Promise: order of frames « The server SHOULD send PUSH_PROMISE (Section 6.6) frames prior to sending any frames that reference the promised responses. This avoids a race where clients issue requests prior to receiving any PUSH_PROMISE frames. »  58 Source: https://httpwg.github.io/specs/rfc7540.html#rfc.section.8.2.1.p.1
59. 59. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Push_Promise: order of frames 59 Client Server Stream: 5
 HEADERS
 GET /index Stream: 5
 PUSH_PROMISE
 Promised Stream: 8
 GET /main.css Stream: 5
 DATA Stream: 5
 HEADERS Stream: 11
 HEADERS
 GET /main.css Duplicate!?!
60. 60. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Server push; code example @Override   public  void  doFilter(ServletRequest  req,  ServletResponse  resp,   FilterChain  chain)  throws  IOException,  ServletException  {      //  Pushing  resources  here      chain.doFilter(req,  resp);      //  Too  late?   }   60
61. 61. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Jetty PushCacheFilter • Use the « Referer » HTTP header • Maintain a Map of page -> List of resources • Automatically pushing associated resources • Limits? 61
62. 62. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Is pushing everything really efficient? • Only when page loaded with empty cache? • Resources already cached? • All pushed resources necessary for initial render?
 Or app ready to be used? • Maintain the list of resources to push manually? • Aren’t we denying all browser heuristics? 62
63. 63. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ So what do we need? • Private browser info: cache state, CPU, battery • Knowledge of Browser internals (layout, painting?) • Could we have priority information for each resource? 63
64. 64. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Stream prioritization 64
65. 65. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Stream dependency / weight 65 Stream: 11
 HEADERS
 Dependency: 8
 Weight: 55 GET /other
66. 66. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Resource Dependency Tree (in theory) 66 Stream 0 S1;W12 S2;W50 S3;W34 S4;W20 S5;W20
67. 67. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Firefox 67 Fake streams Real streams Stream 0 S3;W200
 « leader » S5;W100
 « other » S7;W0 « background » SB;W1 « followers » html, js, css
 streams images
 streams XHR, async JS
 streams Beacons
 streams
68. 68. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Chromium (SPDY leftovers) 68 Fake streams Real streams Sources: http://blog.kazuhooku.com/2015/04/dependency-based-prioritization-makes.html 
 https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=500673 Stream 0 html streams W256 css streams
 W220 images streams
 W110 script streams
 W183
69. 69. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Is this enough? • Is there a way to manually set a priority on a resource?
 • So HTTP/2 Server Push is the only mechanism to improve latency? • This works only for our own resources, what about 3rd party resources like fonts, JavaScript libraries? 69
70. 70. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Server Push with Spring Boot + Jetty 70
71. 71. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Resource Hints 71
72. 72. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Resource Hints: a W3C draft Assisting User Agents in their decision process of fetching resources.
 http://w3c.github.io/resource-hints/ 72
73. 73. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Resource Hints, HTML markup <!DOCTYPE  html>   <html>      <head>          <!-­‐-­‐  resolve  DNS  as  early  as  possible  -­‐-­‐>              <link  rel="dns-­‐prefetch"  href="//example.org"></script>          
        <!-­‐-­‐  dns-­‐prefetch  +  TCP  handshake  -­‐-­‐>              <link  rel="preconnect"  href="//example.org"  />      </head>      <body>      </body>   </html> 73
74. 74. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Resource Hints, HTML markup <!DOCTYPE  html>   <html>      <head>          <!-­‐-­‐  preconnect  +  fetch  the  resource  -­‐-­‐>              <link  rel="prefetch"  href="//example.org/image.png"></script>          
        <!-­‐-­‐  prefetch  +  render  -­‐-­‐>              <link  rel="prerender"  href="//example.org/index.html"  />      </head>      <body>      </body>   </html> 74
75. 75. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Resource Hints, HTTP headers Link:  <https://example.org>;  rel=dns-­‐prefetch   Link:  <https://example.org>;  rel=preconnect   Link:  <https://example.org/image.png>;  rel=prefetch   Link:  <https://example.org/index.html>;  rel=prerender 75
76. 76. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Resource Hints browser support 76
77. 77. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Resource Hints browser support Link:  <https://example.org>;  rel=dns-­‐prefetch   Link:  <https://example.org>;  rel=preconnect   Link:  <https://example.org/image.png>;  rel=prefetch   Link:  <https://example.org/index.html>;  rel=prerender 77
78. 78. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Comparing with HTML5 async/defer <!DOCTYPE  html>   <html>      <head></head>      <body>
        <!-­‐-­‐  loading  asynchronously,  executing  as  soon  as  possible  -­‐-­‐>              <script  src="/app.js"  async></script>          <!-­‐-­‐  loading  &  executing  after  page  load  -­‐-­‐>              <script  src="/other.js"  defer></script>      </body>   </html>   78
79. 79. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Your app in production 79
80. 80. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Performance: combining strategies is the key We need to consider:
 • Server implementation • Browser capabilities • HTTP/2 features • front-end « optimization » • Hosting Infrastructure 80
81. 81. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Clever Proxies 81 Client Server Proxy 1) HTML + Resource Hint 2) Resource fetch 2) HTML + Server push
82. 82. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Clever Proxies 82 ServerProxy HTTP/2 HTTP 1.1
 Client HTTP/2
 Client HTTP/2 HTTP 1.1 + optimizations
83. 83. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Packaging your app with ALPN • Snowflakes in production? • Repeatable staging • Runtime support with Cloud Foundry buildpacks? 83
84. 84. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Distributing secrets… Making certs+keys available in a distributed environment:
 • Spring Cloud Config server? • Tools for managing secrets (Vault?) 84
85. 85. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Apple Push Notification Service 85 Provider APNS
 Feedback APNS HTTP 1.1 polling for feedback
86. 86. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HTTP/2 chosen for next version of APNS 86 ProviderAPNS HTTP/2
87. 87. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Microservices: a perfect match! Use case:
 • request/response • REST + JSON • RPC (protobuf, hessian) • Low latency • secure 87
88. 88. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ HAL + Server Push {
        ...          "_links":  {                  "self":  {  "href":  "/issue/123456"  },                  "assigned":  {  "href":  "/user/bclozel"  }          }   } 88 Push this resource?
89. 89. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ https://github.com/bclozel/http2-experiments 89
90. 90. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 90 Enjoy SpringOne2GX! Don’t miss « Introduction to Reactive Programming » - 10:30AM, this room Learn More. Stay Connected. @springcentral Spring.io/video
91. 91. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline the general direction of Pivotal's offerings. It is intended for information purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract. Any information regarding pre-release of Pivotal offerings, future updates or other planned modifications is subject to ongoing evaluation by Pivotal and is subject to change. This information is provided without warranty or any kind, express or implied, and is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions regarding Pivotal's offerings. These purchasing decisions should only be based on features currently available. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Pivotal's offerings in this presentation remain at the sole discretion of Pivotal. Pivotal has no obligation to update forward looking information in this presentation. 91