UniProtKB - Q04864 (REL_HUMAN)
UniProt
Q04864 - REL_HUMAN
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Protein
Proto-oncogene c-Rel
Gene
REL
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Sequence features
Status
Functioni
Proto-oncogene that may play a role in differentiation and lymphopoiesis. NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. The NF-kappa-B heterodimer RELA/p65-c-Rel is a transcriptional activator.
GO - Molecular functioni
- chromatin binding Source: GO_Central
- RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding Source: NTNU_SB
- RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription Source: NTNU_SB
- sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity Source: ProtInc
GO - Biological processi
- cytokine production Source: Ensembl
- I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: GO_Central
- inflammatory response Source: GO_Central
- innate immune response Source: GO_Central
- negative regulation of gene expression Source: CACAO
- negative regulation of interferon-beta production Source: CACAO
- negative regulation of neuron death Source: Ensembl
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Source: GO_Central
- NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: GO_Central
- positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Source: NTNU_SB
- response to cytokine Source: GO_Central
- transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Source: GOC
Keywords - Molecular functioni
ActivatorKeywords - Biological processi
Transcription, Transcription regulationKeywords - Ligandi
DNA-bindingEnzyme and pathway databases
| Reactomei | R-HSA-1169091. Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells. |
| SignaLinki | Q04864. |
Names & Taxonomyi
| Protein namesi | Recommended name: Proto-oncogene c-Rel |
| Gene namesi | Name:REL |
| Organismi | Homo sapiens (Human) |
| Taxonomic identifieri | 9606 [NCBI] |
| Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
| Proteomesi | UP000005640 Componenti: Chromosome 2 |
Organism-specific databases
| HGNCi | HGNC:9954. REL. |
Subcellular locationi
- Nucleus By similarity
GO - Cellular componenti
- cytosol Source: GO_Central
- I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex Source: GO_Central
- nucleoplasm Source: GO_Central
- nucleus Source: CACAO
- transcription factor complex Source: Ensembl
Keywords - Cellular componenti
NucleusPathology & Biotechi
Keywords - Diseasei
Proto-oncogeneOrganism-specific databases
| PharmGKBi | PA34321. |
Polymorphism and mutation databases
| BioMutai | REL. |
| DMDMi | 548720. |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiator methioninei | RemovedCombined sources | |||||
| Chaini | 2 – 619 | 618 | Proto-oncogene c-Rel | PRO_0000205165 | Add BLAST |
Amino acid modifications
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modified residuei | 2 – 2 | 1 | N-acetylalanineCombined sources | |||
| Modified residuei | 267 – 267 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by PKASequence Analysis | |||
| Modified residuei | 503 – 503 | 1 | Phosphoserine1 Publication |
Keywords - PTMi
Acetylation, PhosphoproteinProteomic databases
| MaxQBi | Q04864. |
| PaxDbi | Q04864. |
| PRIDEi | Q04864. |
PTM databases
| PhosphoSitei | Q04864. |
Expressioni
Gene expression databases
| Bgeei | Q04864. |
| CleanExi | HS_REL. |
| Genevisiblei | Q04864. HS. |
Organism-specific databases
| HPAi | CAB004404. |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Component of the NF-kappa-B p65-c-Rel complex. Component of the NF-kappa-B p50-c-Rel complex. Component of the NF-kappa-B p52-c-Rel complex. Homodimer; component of the NF-kappa-B c-Rel-c-Rel complex (By similarity). Interacts with NKIRAS1. Interacts with NFKBIB (By similarity). Interacts with NFKBIE.By similarity6 Publications
Binary interactionsi
Protein-protein interaction databases
| BioGridi | 111898. 213 interactions. |
| DIPi | DIP-301N. |
| IntActi | Q04864. 176 interactions. |
| MINTi | MINT-1137552. |
| STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000295025. |
Structurei
3D structure databases
| ProteinModelPortali | Q04864. |
| SMRi | Q04864. Positions 8-282. |
| ModBasei | Search... |
| MobiDBi | Search... |
Family & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domaini | 8 – 297 | 290 | RHDPROSITE-ProRule annotation | Add BLAST |
Motif
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motifi | 290 – 295 | 6 | Nuclear localization signalSequence Analysis |
Sequence similaritiesi
Contains 1 RHD (Rel-like) domain.PROSITE-ProRule annotation
Phylogenomic databases
| eggNOGi | NOG119056. |
| GeneTreei | ENSGT00500000044765. |
| HOGENOMi | HOG000264257. |
| HOVERGENi | HBG017916. |
| InParanoidi | Q04864. |
| KOi | K09254. |
| OMAi | WEAKGIF. |
| OrthoDBi | EOG7VHSWT. |
| PhylomeDBi | Q04864. |
| TreeFami | TF325632. |
Family and domain databases
| Gene3Di | 2.60.40.10. 1 hit. 2.60.40.340. 1 hit. |
| InterProi | IPR030505. c-Rel. IPR013783. Ig-like_fold. IPR014756. Ig_E-set. IPR002909. IPT. IPR000451. NFkB/Dor. IPR008967. p53-like_TF_DNA-bd. IPR030492. RHD_CS. IPR011539. RHD_DNA_bind_dom. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHERi | PTHR24169. PTHR24169. 1 hit. PTHR24169:SF4. PTHR24169:SF4. 1 hit. |
| Pfami | PF00554. RHD_DNA_bind. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTSi | PR00057. NFKBTNSCPFCT. |
| SMARTi | SM00429. IPT. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAMi | SSF49417. SSF49417. 1 hit. SSF81296. SSF81296. 1 hit. |
| PROSITEi | PS01204. REL_1. 1 hit. PS50254. REL_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
Sequences (2)i
Sequence statusi: Complete.
Sequence processingi: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
This entry describes 2 isoformsi produced by alternative splicing. AlignAdd to basket
Isoform 1 (identifier: Q04864-1) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
10 20 30 40 50
MASGAYNPYI EIIEQPRQRG MRFRYKCEGR SAGSIPGEHS TDNNRTYPSI
60 70 80 90 100
QIMNYYGKGK VRITLVTKND PYKPHPHDLV GKDCRDGYYE AEFGQERRPL
110 120 130 140 150
FFQNLGIRCV KKKEVKEAII TRIKAGINPF NVPEKQLNDI EDCDLNVVRL
160 170 180 190 200
CFQVFLPDEH GNLTTALPPV VSNPIYDNRA PNTAELRICR VNKNCGSVRG
210 220 230 240 250
GDEIFLLCDK VQKDDIEVRF VLNDWEAKGI FSQADVHRQV AIVFKTPPYC
260 270 280 290 300
KAITEPVTVK MQLRRPSDQE VSESMDFRYL PDEKDTYGNK AKKQKTTLLF
310 320 330 340 350
QKLCQDHVET GFRHVDQDGL ELLTSGDPPT LASQSAGITV NFPERPRPGL
360 370 380 390 400
LGSIGEGRYF KKEPNLFSHD AVVREMPTGV SSQAESYYPS PGPISSGLSH
410 420 430 440 450
HASMAPLPSS SWSSVAHPTP RSGNTNPLSS FSTRTLPSNS QGIPPFLRIP
460 470 480 490 500
VGNDLNASNA CIYNNADDIV GMEASSMPSA DLYGISDPNM LSNCSVNMMT
510 520 530 540 550
TSSDSMGETD NPRLLSMNLE NPSCNSVLDP RDLRQLHQMS SSSMSAGANS
560 570 580 590 600
NTTVFVSQSD AFEGSDFSCA DNSMINESGP SNSTNPNSHG FVQDSQYSGI
610
GSMQNEQLSD SFPYEFFQV
Alternative sequence
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative sequencei | 308 – 339 | 32 | Missing in isoform 2. 1 Publication | VSP_055857 | Add BLAST |
Sequence databases
|
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X75042 mRNA. Translation: CAA52954.1. DQ314888 Genomic DNA. Translation: ABC40747.1. AC010733 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC117191 mRNA. Translation: AAI17192.1. BC143885 mRNA. Translation: AAI43886.1. M11595 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA52073.1. |
| CCDSi | CCDS1864.1. [Q04864-1] CCDS74515.1. [Q04864-2] |
| PIRi | A60646. |
| RefSeqi | NP_001278675.1. NM_001291746.1. [Q04864-2] NP_002899.1. NM_002908.3. [Q04864-1] |
| UniGenei | Hs.631886. Hs.633256. |
Genome annotation databases
| Ensembli | ENST00000295025; ENSP00000295025; ENSG00000162924. [Q04864-1] ENST00000394479; ENSP00000377989; ENSG00000162924. [Q04864-2] |
| GeneIDi | 5966. |
| KEGGi | hsa:5966. |
| UCSCi | uc002sam.1. human. [Q04864-1] uc002san.1. human. |
Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi
Alternative splicingCross-referencesi
Web resourcesi
| Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology |
Sequence databases
|
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X75042 mRNA. Translation: CAA52954.1. DQ314888 Genomic DNA. Translation: ABC40747.1. AC010733 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC117191 mRNA. Translation: AAI17192.1. BC143885 mRNA. Translation: AAI43886.1. M11595 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA52073.1. |
| CCDSi | CCDS1864.1. [Q04864-1] CCDS74515.1. [Q04864-2] |
| PIRi | A60646. |
| RefSeqi | NP_001278675.1. NM_001291746.1. [Q04864-2] NP_002899.1. NM_002908.3. [Q04864-1] |
| UniGenei | Hs.631886. Hs.633256. |
3D structure databases
| ProteinModelPortali | Q04864. |
| SMRi | Q04864. Positions 8-282. |
| ModBasei | Search... |
| MobiDBi | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
| BioGridi | 111898. 213 interactions. |
| DIPi | DIP-301N. |
| IntActi | Q04864. 176 interactions. |
| MINTi | MINT-1137552. |
| STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000295025. |
PTM databases
| PhosphoSitei | Q04864. |
Polymorphism and mutation databases
| BioMutai | REL. |
| DMDMi | 548720. |
Proteomic databases
| MaxQBi | Q04864. |
| PaxDbi | Q04864. |
| PRIDEi | Q04864. |
Protocols and materials databases
| DNASUi | 5966. |
| Structural Biology Knowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases
| Ensembli | ENST00000295025; ENSP00000295025; ENSG00000162924. [Q04864-1] ENST00000394479; ENSP00000377989; ENSG00000162924. [Q04864-2] |
| GeneIDi | 5966. |
| KEGGi | hsa:5966. |
| UCSCi | uc002sam.1. human. [Q04864-1] uc002san.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases
| CTDi | 5966. |
| GeneCardsi | GC02P060881. |
| HGNCi | HGNC:9954. REL. |
| HPAi | CAB004404. |
| MIMi | 164910. gene. |
| neXtProti | NX_Q04864. |
| PharmGKBi | PA34321. |
| GenAtlasi | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases
| eggNOGi | NOG119056. |
| GeneTreei | ENSGT00500000044765. |
| HOGENOMi | HOG000264257. |
| HOVERGENi | HBG017916. |
| InParanoidi | Q04864. |
| KOi | K09254. |
| OMAi | WEAKGIF. |
| OrthoDBi | EOG7VHSWT. |
| PhylomeDBi | Q04864. |
| TreeFami | TF325632. |
Enzyme and pathway databases
| Reactomei | R-HSA-1169091. Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells. |
| SignaLinki | Q04864. |
Miscellaneous databases
| GeneWikii | REL. |
| GenomeRNAii | 5966. |
| NextBioi | 23226. |
| PROi | Q04864. |
| SOURCEi | Search... |
Gene expression databases
| Bgeei | Q04864. |
| CleanExi | HS_REL. |
| Genevisiblei | Q04864. HS. |
Family and domain databases
| Gene3Di | 2.60.40.10. 1 hit. 2.60.40.340. 1 hit. |
| InterProi | IPR030505. c-Rel. IPR013783. Ig-like_fold. IPR014756. Ig_E-set. IPR002909. IPT. IPR000451. NFkB/Dor. IPR008967. p53-like_TF_DNA-bd. IPR030492. RHD_CS. IPR011539. RHD_DNA_bind_dom. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHERi | PTHR24169. PTHR24169. 1 hit. PTHR24169:SF4. PTHR24169:SF4. 1 hit. |
| Pfami | PF00554. RHD_DNA_bind. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTSi | PR00057. NFKBTNSCPFCT. |
| SMARTi | SM00429. IPT. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAMi | SSF49417. SSF49417. 1 hit. SSF81296. SSF81296. 1 hit. |
| PROSITEi | PS01204. REL_1. 1 hit. PS50254. REL_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNeti | Search... |
Publicationsi
- "A human rel proto-oncogene cDNA containing an Alu fragment as a potential coding exon."
Brownell E., Mittereder N., Rice N.R.
Oncogene 4:935-942(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). - NHLBI resequencing and genotyping service (RS&G)
Submitted (DEC-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. - "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4."
Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., Du H. Wilson R.K.
Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. - "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).Tissue: Colon. - "Genetic characterization of human c-rel sequences."
Brownell E., O'Brien S.J., Nash W.G., Rice N.R.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2826-2831(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 180-284. - "A novel complex between the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B and c-Rel binds to a DNA element involved in the phorbol ester induction of the human urokinase gene."
Hansen S.K., Nerlov C., Zabel U., Verde P., Johnsen M., Baeuerle P.A., Blasi F.
EMBO J. 11:205-213(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN THE NF-KAPPA-B P65-C-REL COMPLEX. - "Activation of multiple NF-kappa B/Rel DNA-binding complexes by tumor necrosis factor."
Beg A.A., Baldwin A.S. Jr.
Oncogene 9:1487-1492(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN THE NF-KAPPA-B P50-C-REL COMPLEX, IDENTIFICATION IN THE NF-KAPPA-B P52-C-REL COMPLEX, IDENTIFICATION IN THE NF-KAPPA-B P65-C-REL COMPLEX. - "Regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene by tumor necrosis factor-alpha is mediated by the nuclear factor-kappaB heterodimers p65/p65 and p65/c-Rel in the absence of p50."
Aoudjit F., Brochu N., Belanger B., Stratowa C., Hiscott J., Audette M.
Cell Growth Differ. 8:335-342(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN THE NF-KAPPA-B P65-C-REL COMPLEX. - "A new member of the IkappaB protein family, IkappaB epsilon, inhibits RelA (p65)-mediated NF-kappaB transcription."
Li Z., Nabel G.J.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:6184-6190(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NFKBIE. - "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of NF-kappa B requires the phosphorylation of Ser-471 in the transactivation domain of c-Rel."
Martin A.G., Fresno M.
J. Biol. Chem. 275:24383-24391(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-503. - "Leishmania major amastigotes induce p50/c-Rel NF-kappa B transcription factor in human macrophages: involvement in cytokine synthesis."
Guizani-Tabbane L., Ben-Aissa K., Belghith M., Sassi A., Dellagi K.
Infect. Immun. 72:2582-2589(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN THE NF-KAPPA-B P50-C-REL COMPLEX. - "Inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by IkappaBbeta in association with kappaB-Ras."
Chen Y., Vallee S., Wu J., Vu D., Sondek J., Ghosh G.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:3048-3056(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NKIRAS1. - "N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB."
Van Damme P., Lasa M., Polevoda B., Gazquez C., Elosegui-Artola A., Kim D.S., De Juan-Pardo E., Demeyer K., Hole K., Larrea E., Timmerman E., Prieto J., Arnesen T., Sherman F., Gevaert K., Aldabe R.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:12449-12454(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ALA-2, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], CLEAVAGE OF INITIATOR METHIONINE [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
Entry informationi
| Entry namei | REL_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accessioni | Q04864Primary (citable) accession number: Q04864 Secondary accession number(s): Q17RU2, Q2PNZ7, Q6LDY0 | ||||||||
| Entry historyi |
| ||||||||
| Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Complete proteome, Reference proteomeDocuments
- Human chromosome 2Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
- MIM cross-referencesOnline Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- SIMILARITY commentsIndex of protein domains and families
External Data
Dasty 3Similar proteinsi
Links to similar proteins from the UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef) at 100%, 90% and 50% sequence identity:| 100% | UniRef100 combines identical sequences and sub-fragments with 11 or more residues from any organism into Uniref entry. |
| 90% | UniRef90 is built by clustering UniRef100 sequences that have at least 90% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence (a.k.a seed sequence). |
| 50% | UniRef50 is built by clustering UniRef90 seed sequences that have at least 50% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence in the cluster. |