210 Reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire
   
     Source: A. Demandt, Der Fall Roms (1984) 695
         See also: Karl Galinsky in Classical and  Modern Interactions (1992) 53-73.

  1. Abolition of gods

  2. Abolition of rights

  3. Absence of character

  4. Absolutism

  5. Agrarian question

  6. Agrarian slavery

  7. Anarchy

  8. Anti-Germanism

  9. Apathy

  10. Aristocracy

  11. Asceticism

  12. Attack of the Germans

  13. Attack of the Huns

  14. Attack of riding nomads

  15. Backwardness in science

  16. Bankruptcy

  17. Barbarization

  18. Bastardization

  19. Blockage of land by large landholders

  20. Blood poisoning

  21. Bolshevization

  22. Bread and circuses

  23. Bureaucracy 

  24. Byzantinism

  25. Capillarite sociale

  26. Capitalism

  27. Capitals, change of

  28. Caste system

  29. Celibacy

  30. Centralization

  31. Childlessness

  32. Christianity

  33. Citizenship, granting of

  34. Civil war

  35. Climatic deterioration

  36. Communism

  37. Complacency

  38. Concatenation of misfortunes

  39. Conservatism

  40. Corruption

  41. Cosmopolitanism

  42. Crisis of legitimacy

  43. Culinary excess

  44. Cultural neurosis

  45. Decentralization

  46. Decline of Nordic character

  47. Decline of the cities

  48. Decline of the Italian population

  49. Deforestation

  50. Degeneration

  51. Degeneration of the intellect

  52. Demoralization

  53. Depletion of mineral resources

  54. Despotism

  55. Destruction of environment

  56. Destruction of peasantry

  57. Destruction of political process

  58. Destruction of Roman influence

  59. Devastation

  60. Differences in wealth

  61. Disarmament

  62. Disillusion with stated

  63. Division of empire

  64. Division of labor

  65. Earthquakes

  66. Egoism

  67. Egoism of the state

  68. Emancipation of slaves

  69. Enervation

  70. Epidemics

  71. Equal rights, granting of

  72. Eradication of the best

  73. Escapism

  74. Ethnic dissolution

  75. Excessive aging of population

  76. Excessive civilization

  77. Excessive culture

  78. Excessive foreign infiltration

  79. Excessive freedom

  80. Excessive urbanization

  81. Expansion

  82. Exploitation

  83. Fear of life

  84. Female emancipation

  85. Feudalization

  86. Fiscalism

  87. Gladiatorial system

  88. Gluttony

  89. Gout

  90. Hedonism

  91. Hellenization

  92. Heresy

  93. Homosexuality

  94. Hothouse culture

  95. Hubris

  96. Hypothermia

  97. Immoderate greatness

  98. Imperialism

  99. Impotence

  100. Impoverishment

  101. Imprudent policy toward buffer states

  102. Inadequate educational system

  103. Indifference

  104. Individualism

  105. Indoctrination

  106. Inertia

  107. Inflation

  108. Intellectualism

  109. Integration, weakness of

  110. Irrationality

  111. Jewish influence

  112. Lack of leadership

  113. Lack of male dignity

  114. Lack of military recruits

  115. Lack of orderly imperial succession

  116. Lack of qualified workers

  117. Lack of rainfall

  118. Lack of religiousness

  119. Lack of seriousness

  120. Large landed properties

  121. Lead poisoning

  122. Lethargy

  123. Leveling, cultural

  124. Leveling, social

  125. Loss of army discipline

  126. Loss of authority

  127. Loss of energy

  128. Loss of instincts

  129. Loss of population

  130. Luxury

  131. Malaria

  132. Marriages if convenience

  133. Mercenary system

  134. Mercury damage

  135. Militarism

  136. Monetary economy

  137. Monetary greed

  138. Money, shortage of

  139. Moral decline

  140. Moral idealism

  141. Moral materialism

  142. Mystery religions

  143. Nationalism of Rome's subjects

  144. Negative selection

  145. Orientalization

  146. Outflow of gold

  147. Over refinement

  148. Pacifism

  149. Paralysis of will

  150. Paralyzation

  151. Parasitism

  152. Particularism

  153. Pauperism

  154. Plagues

  155. Pleasure seeking

  156. Plutocracy

  157. Polytheism

  158. Population pressure

  159. Precociousness

  160. Professional army

  161. Proletarization

  162. Prosperity

  163. Prostitution

  164. Psychoses

  165. Public baths

  166. Racial degeneration

  167. Racial discrimination

  168. Racial suicide

  169. Rationalism

  170. Refusal of military service

  171. Religious struggles and schisms

  172. Rentier mentality

  173. Resignation

  174. Restriction to profession

  175. Restriction to the land

  176. Rhetoric

  177. Rise of uneducated masses

  178. Romantic attitudes to peace

  179. Ruin of middle class

  180. Rule of the world

  181. Semieducation

  182. Sensuality

  183. Servility

  184. Sexuality

  185. Shamelessness

  186. Shifting of trade routes

  187. Slavery

  188. Slavic attacks

  189. Socialism (of the state)

  190. Soil erosion

  191. Soil exhaustion

  192. Spiritual barbarism

  193. Stagnation

  194. Stoicism

  195. Stress

  196. Structural weakness

  197. Superstition

  198. Taxation, pressure of

  199. Terrorism

  200. Tiredness of life

  201. Totalitarianism

  202. Treason

  203. Tristesse

  204. Two-front war

  205. Underdevelopment

  206. Useless eaters

  207. Usurpation of all powers by the state

  208. Vain gloriousness

  209. Villa economy

  210. Vulgarization