Instructor’s Manual: Exercise Solutions for Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach Third Edition (International Version) Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig with contributions from Ernest Davis, Nicholas J. Hay, and Mehran Sahami Upper Saddle River Boston Columbus San Francisco New York Indianapolis London Toronto Sydney Singapore Tokyo Montreal Dubai Madrid Hong Kong Mexico City Munich Paris Amsterdam Cape Town Editor-in-Chief: Michael Hirsch Executive Editor: Tracy Dunkelberger Assistant Editor: Melinda Haggerty Editorial Assistant: Allison Michael Vice President, Production: Vince O’Brien Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno Production Editor: Jane Bonnell Interior Designers: Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig Copyright © 2010, 2003, 1995 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permissions should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use materials from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Higher Education, Permissions Department, 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data on File 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-606738-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-606738-7 Preface This Instructor’s Solution Manual provides solutions (or at least solution sketches) for almost all of the 400 exercises in Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Third Edition). We only give actual code for a few of the programming exercises; writing a lot of code would not be that helpful, if only because we don’t know what language you prefer. In many cases, we give ideas for discussion and follow-up questions, and we try to explain why we designed each exercise. There is more supplementary material that we want to offer to the instructor, but we have decided to do it through the medium of the World Wide Web rather than through a CD or printed Instructor’s Manual. The idea is that this solution manual contains the material that must be kept secret from students, but the Web site contains material that can be updated and added to in a more timely fashion. The address for the web site is: http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu and the address for the online Instructor’s Guide is: http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/instructors.html There you will find: • Instructions on how to join the aima-instructors discussion list. We strongly recom- mend that you join so that you can receive updates, corrections, notification of new versions of this Solutions Manual, additional exercises and exam questions, etc., in a timely manner. • Source code for programs from the text. We offer code in Lisp, Python, and Java, and point to code developed by others in C++ and Prolog. • Programming resources and supplemental texts. • Figures from the text, for making your own slides. • Terminology from the index of the book. • Other courses using the book that have home pages on the Web. You can see example syllabi and assignments here. Please do not put solution sets for AIMA exercises on public web pages! • AI Education information on teaching introductory AI courses. • Other sites on the Web with information on AI. Organized by chapter in the book; check this for supplemental material. We welcome suggestions for new exercises, new environments and agents, etc. The book belongs to you, the instructor, as much as us. We hope that you enjoy teaching from it, that these supplemental materials help, and that you will share your supplements and experi- ences with other instructors. iii 百事通文档 www.114w.com