Metals - Specific Heats
Common metals - aluminum, iron, mercury and many more - and their specific heats - imperial and SI units
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The specific heat of common metals are indicated in the table below:
| Metal | Specific Heat - cp | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (kJ/kg K) | (kcal/kgoC) | (Btu/lbmoF) | |
| Aluminum | 0.91 | 0.22 | 0.22 |
| Antimony | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Barium | 0.20 | 0.048 | 0.048 |
| Beryllium | 1.83 | 0.436 | 0.436 |
| Bismuth | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Cadmium | 0.23 | 0.055 | 0.055 |
| Calsium | 0.63 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Carbon Steel | 0.49 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Cast Iron | 0.46 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
| Cesium | 0.24 | 0.057 | 0.057 |
| Chromium | 0.46 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
| Cobalt | 0.42 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Copper | 0.39 | 0.092 | 0.09 |
| Gallium | 0.37 | 0.088 | 0.088 |
| Germanium | 0.32 | 0.076 | 0.076 |
| Gold | 0.13 | 0.031 | 0.03 |
| Hafnium | 0.14 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
| Indium | 0.24 | 0.057 | 0.057 |
| Iridium | 0.13 | 0.031 | 0.31 |
| Iron | 0.45 | 0.108 | 0.11 |
| Lanthanum | 0.195 | 0.047 | 0.047 |
| Lead | 0.13 | 0.031 | 0.03 |
| Lithium | 3.57 | 0.85 | 0.85 |
| Lutetium | 0.15 | 0.036 | 0.036 |
| Magnesium | 1.05 | 0.243 | 0.25 |
| Manganese | 0.48 | 0.114 | 0.114 |
| Mercury | 0.14 | 0.033 | 0.03 |
| Molybdenum | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Nickel | 0.44 | 0.104 | 0.10 |
| Niobium (Columbium) | 0.27 | 0.064 | 0.064 |
| Osmium | 0.13 | 0.031 | 0.031 |
| Palladium | 0.24 | 0.057 | 0.057 |
| Platinum | 0.13 | 0.032 | 0.03 |
| Plutonium | 0.13 | 0.032 | 0.032 |
| Potassium | 0.75 | 0.180 | 0.180 |
| Rhenium | 0.14 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
| Rhodium | 0.24 | 0.058 | 0.058 |
| Rubidium | 0.36 | 0.086 | 0.086 |
| Ruthenium | 0.24 | 0.057 | 0.057 |
| Scandium | 0.57 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| Selenium | 0.32 | 0.077 | 0.077 |
| Silicon | 0.71 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| Silver | 0.23 | 0.057 | 0.057 |
| Sodium | 1.21 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| Strontium | 0.30 | 0.072 | 0.072 |
| Tantalum | 0.14 | 0.034 | 0.034 |
| Thallium | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Thorium | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Tin | 0.21 | 0.054 | 0.05 |
| Titanium | 0.54 | 0.125 | 0.13 |
| Tungsten | 0.13 | 0.032 | 0.032 |
| Uranium | 0.12 | 0.028 | 0.028 |
| Vanadium | 0.39 | 0.116 | 0.116 |
| Yttrium | 0.30 | 0.072 | 0.072 |
| Zinc | 0.39 | 0.093 | 0.09 |
| Zirconium | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Wrought Iron | 0.50 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
- 1 J/(kg K) = 2.389x10-4 kcal/(kg oC) = 2.389x10-4 Btu/(lbm oF)
- 1 kJ/(kg K) = 0.2389 kcal/(kg oC) = 0.2389 Btu/(lbm oF)
- 1 Btu/(lbm oF) = 4,186.8 J/ (kg K) = 1 kcal/(kg oC)
- 1 kcal/(kg oC) = 4,186.8 J/ (kg K) = 1 Btu/(lbm oF)
Example - Heating Carbon Steel
2 kg of carbon steel is heated from 20 oC to 100 oC. Specific heat of carbon steel is 0.49 kJ/kg0C and the heat required can be calculated as
dQ = 2 (kg) 0.49 (kJ/kg0C) (100 (oC) - 20 (oC))
= 78.4 (kJ)
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