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イケアの組み立て簡単な移動式シェルター、数千もの難民に安全な家を提供する

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BETTER SHELTER
The Better Shelter

厳しい冬を耐え凌いだ何千もの難民たちが、この夏、穏やかな天候以上に心待ちにしていることがある。

大規模な研究と試験を経て、IKEAと国連難民高等弁務官事務所（UNHCR）は、革新的なシェルターを難民家族に1万個提供する準備を進めている。

「ベター・シェルター」は1棟約約17.5平方メートルで、5人が寝泊まりできる広さを持つ。ソーラーパネルとランプが装備されていおり、人が生活する上での基本的なニーズを満たしている。

better shelter

ベター・シェルターの試作品を組み立てる2人の男性。2013年7月エチオピアのドロアド地域にあるヒラウェン難民キャンプにて。

世界中で1300万人の難民がUNHCRによる保護を必要としており、その多くが明かりのない不便な生活を強いられている。

「弟のエヤドはシリアでの体験がトラウマになっています。特に悪夢を怖がっているので、そんなときに明かりをつけてあげられたらと思います」。ヨルダンのアルアズラク難民キャンプで暮らすアメールさんは、UNHCRに対して述べた。

ベター・シェルターのソーラーパネルでは、日中の充電で、夜間に約4時間、LED電球を使用できるようになる。

仮設住宅は、IKEA独特のコンパクト梱包「フラットパック」で輸送され、組み立てには約4時間から8時間を要する。

輸送を容易にするために軽さが重視されている一方で、厳しい天候にもしっかりと堪えられるように設計されている。

ベター・シェルターには、4つの窓と2つの換気口が設けられており、壁や屋根のパネルは交換が可能。状況に応じて太陽熱や風雨、雪などへの対策装備に変えられる。

better shelter

カワルゴスク難民キャンプにある試作品ベター・シェルターの内部。イラク、アルビール。

これまで冬期も薄いシェルターの中で生活を余儀なくされて来た難民にとってはとても実用的なシェルターとなる。

「夏はなんとかなるのですが、冬場は本当に厳しいんです。この厳しさに耐えるぐらいならいっそシリアで死んだ方がましだと思ってしまうほどです」と家族と共にテントで暮らすウム・カリルさんは1月にワシントンポスト誌に語った。

better shelter

2013年7月、エチオピアのドロアド地域にあるヒラウェン難民キャンプで組み立てられる試作品のベター・シェルター。

しかしこの革新的なシェルターは高額だ。

アメリカのネットニュース「マッシャブル」によると、ベターシェルター1棟の価格は1500ドル（約17.8万円）で、これは通常の難民テントの2倍の価格に相当する。

シェルターの生産は今夏に開始され、1万戸がUNHCRによって世界中に輸送される予定だ。

「難民の家族と彼らのニーズを中心に据えたこのプロジェクトは、デモクラティックデザインの非常に良い例です。これで難民の家族と子どもたちが、家と呼ぶことができる、より安全な場所を手に入れることができます」とイケア財団のジョナサン・スパンピナート氏は述べた。

貧困撲滅、食糧援助活動の支援については、グローバル・シチズンのウィジェットから確認できる。

この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

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