70年前に処刑された14歳のアフリカ系アメリカ人少年、再審で死刑判決が破棄される
70年の時を経て、14歳のアフリカ系アメリカ人少年ジョージ・スティニーさんの殺人容疑が晴れた。
1944年、サウスカロライナ州アルコルでスティニーさんは白人の少女2人を殺害した罪で死刑判決を受けた。担当の白人弁護士は証人を召喚せず、反対尋問も行われないまま、電気椅子で刑が執行された。当時は14歳でも刑事責任が問われ、スティニーさんはアメリカで20世紀以降に処刑された死刑囚のなかでも最年少である。
ワシントン・ポストによると、1944年3月、スティニーさんが自転車に乗っていて行方不明になっていたベティー・ジューン・ビニッカーさん(11)とメアリー・エマ・テムズさん(8)の2人を殺害した容疑で逮捕された。警察はベティーさんへのわいせつ目的で殺害したと自白したと主張していたが、供述書は裁判記録に残されていない。
2時間の裁判、10分間の陪審員の評議で、スティニーさんは死刑判決を受けた。
地元テレビ局「WISTV」の報道によると、長年にわたってスティニーさんの親族から出されていた再審請求が認められ、判事は1月に、本件に関して新たに証人喚問と弁論を行うことに同意した。
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Judge Carmen T. Mullen. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Paul Fann of Hartsville, S.C., testifies that he saw and remembers someone taking a wrapped up bundle of clothes from the house of George Stinney the day of his arrest. With the aid of a map, Fann points out where the persons of interest in this story lived. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed for the death of two white girls in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Paul Fann of Hartsville, S.C., testifies that he saw and remembers someone taking a wrapped up bundle of clothes from the house of George Stinney the day of his arrest. With the aid of a map, Fann points out where the persons of interest in this story lived. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed for the death of two white girls in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Paul Fann of Hartsville, S.C., testifies that he saw and remembers someone taking a wrapped up bundle of clothes from the house of George Stinney the day of his arrest. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed for the death of two white girls in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Sadie Duke and Ruth Turner claim that George Stinney threatened them and Turner's sister, Violet Freeman, on separate occasions. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed for the death of two white girls in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Lead defense attorney Steven McKenzie and Ray Chandler. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed for the death of two white girls in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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The recorded affidavit of Bishop Charles Stinney, the brother of George Stinney, was played during court. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed for the death of two white girls in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Frankie Bailey Dyches, the niece of Betty June Binnicker who was murdered, listens to witness testimonies. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed for the death of two white girls in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Solicitor Ernest 'Chip' Finney, III. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Solicitor Ernest 'Chip' Finney III questions Aimee Ruffner, sister of George Stinney. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Aimee Ruffner, sister of George Stinney, was 8 years old when her brother was arrested and found guilty. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Aimee Ruffner, sister of George Stinney, was 8 years old when her brother was arrested and found guilty. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Solicitor Ernest 'Chip' Finney, III. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Judge Carmen T. Mullen. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Katherine Robinson, one of George Stinney's sisters, testifies to what she remembers from the day of his arrest. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Aimee Ruffner, sister of George Stinney, was 8 years old when her brother was arrested and found guilty. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
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Katherine Robinson, one of George Stinney's sisters, testifies to what she remembers from the day of his arrest. The 70-year-old case of George Stinney, known as the youngest person to be executed in the state of South Carolina at 14, was reopened Tuesday, Jan. 21, 2014, in Sumter, S.C., as witnesses were called to answer questions on long ago events. (Kim Kim Foster-Tobin/The State/MCT via Getty Images)
同月の審問で、エルンスト・フィネイ検事は判決の有効性を主張した。フィネイ検事は、「当時の関係者は、アルコルと幼い少女たちに関わっていたアフリカ系アメリカ人なら、誰でも有罪にしようとしていたわけではない。彼らは、ジョージ・スティニーが拘束されるべきであるという、我々の現在知り得ない事実に基づき判決を下した」と述べた。
一方、スティニーさんの訴訟代理人ミラー・シアリー氏は「州の本件の取扱いは非常に不適切であり、再審に値するものであった。」と主張した。
サウスカロライナ州地裁のカルメン・ミューレン判事は17日、スティニーさんへの死刑判決を棄却した。判決文の中で、「法を適正に運用する上で重大な憲法違反があった」と述べている。
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FILE - This is an undated file photo of the electric chair at the Tennessee State prison in Nashville. First used by New York State in 1890, it was used throughout the 20th century to execute hundreds and is still an option in eight states. Since 1976, 158 inmates have been executed by electrocution. It was considered humane on its introduction but resulted in many horrific executions over the years. (AP Photo, File)
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This is an undated handout photo of Vermont's only electric chair. The Vermont legislature is considering reinstating the death penalty in the state. (AP Photo/Vermont Historical Society)
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This photo taken May 16, 2013, shows an electric chair on exhibit at the Texas Prison Museum in Huntsville, Texas. Between 1924 and 1964, 361 men died in the electric chair. Since the first execution by lethal injection in Texas in 1982 the state has executed 499 prisoners. (AP Photo/Pat Sullivan)
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An electric chair that once belonged to the Eddyville prison in Kentucky is on display during the grand opening of Ripley's Believe It Or Not Odditorium Thursday, June 21, 2007 in New York's Times Square. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer)
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** FILE **In this Monday, April 16, 2007, file photo seen in Lincoln, Neb., is the Nebraska's electric chair. For more than 10 years, John Lotter has faced death in Nebraska's electric chair for the grisly 1993 triple murder that spawned the movie "Boys Don't Cry." But it is now uncertain whether Lotter and the nine other men on Nebraska's death row will ever be executed following a ruling by the state Supreme Court. (AP Photo/Nati Harnik, File)
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** FILE ** This April 3, 2007 file photo released by the Nebraska Department of Correctional Services shows the electric chair at the Nebraska State Penitentiary in Lincoln, Neb. In a pre-session survey by The Associated Press, 28 of 49 senators or senators-elect said they supported changing Nebraska's method of execution from the electric chair to lethal injection. Two said they opposed changing the law, four said they were unsure, three said they opposed the death penalty, three skipped the question and nine didn't respond to the survey. (AP Photo/Nebraska Dept. of Correctional Services, Mikael Karlsson, File)
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** FILE ** This photo provided by the Virginia Department of Corrections shows the electric chair that will be used in the execution of death row imnate Brandon Wayne Hedrick who is scheduled to be executed July 20, 2006, at the Greensville Correctional Center in Jarratt, Va. Hedrick has chosen the electric chair as his method of execution rather than lethal injection. Hedrick was convicted of the 1997 abdution, robbery, rape and murder of Lisa Crider. (AP Photo/Virginia Department of Corrections)
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A 1950 photo of the electric chair is shown at the Raiford Prison in Raiford, Fla. The new history section on the Florida Department of Corrections' Web page, "Florida Corrections: Centuries of Progress," covers the department's history from 1821, showing both its warts and successes. The electric chair was introduced in 1922 in what is seen as a humanitarian measure. (AP Photo/Florida Photographic Collection)
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The mask and sponges worn by inmates that died in the electric chair are displayed at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2002, in Lucasville, Ohio. Death by electrocution is no longer permitted in the state. The chair was removed Tuesday. (AP Photo/Al Behrman)
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Gordon Bullion, right, dismantels the electric chair at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2002, in Lucasville, Ohio. Death by electrocution is no longer permitted in the state. Three hundred and fifteen inmates were executed in the chair. (AP Photo/Al Behrman)
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Gordon Bullion disconnects electrical cords as the electric chair is removed from the death house at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2002, in Lucasville, Ohio. Death by electrocution is no longer permitted in the state. The state of Ohio executed 315 inmates in the chair. (AP Photo/Al Behrman)
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Dwayne Donahue wheels the electric chair away after it was removed from the death house, center top, at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2002, in Lucasville, Ohio. Death by electrocution is no longer permitted in the state. The state of Ohio executed 315 inmates in the chair. (AP Photo/Al Behrman)
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The electric chair is removed from its base inside the death house at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2002, in Lucasville, Ohio. Death by electrocution is no longer permitted in the state. The state of Ohio executed 315 inmates in the chair. (AP Photo/Al Behrman)
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Ricky Bell, the warden at Riverbend Maximum Security Institution in Nashville, Tenn., gives a tour of the prison's execution chamber Wednesday, Oct. 13, 1999. Tennessee's procedure manual for executing prisoners is a cut-and-paste jumble of conflicting instructions that mix new lethal injection instructions with those for the old electric chair. (AP Photo/Mark Humphrey)
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Florida State Prison Warden James Crosby stands by the newly constructed electric chair during a media tour Wednesday, Aug. 18, in Starke, Fla. Nicknamed "old sparky," presently Florida's only method of execution, faces an ongoing challenge before the Florida Supreme Court. (AP Photo/Mark Foley)
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FILE--A guard at Florida State Prison is a ghostly figure against the window light striking Florida's electric chair "Old Sparky" in this file photo from Jan. 17, 1996, in Starke, Fla. Pedro Medina was executed in a fiery electrocution Tuesday, March 25, 1997 in the same chair.(AP Photo/Mark Foley, File)
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Florida's lethal injection gurney is shown in an undated handout photo taken in the redesigned death chamber which will accomodate either the electric chair or the gurney at Florida State Prison. (AP Photo/Fla. Dept. of Corrections)
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The electric chair used to put 441 Georgia inmates to death over the past 77 years has been replaced by a gurney, shown in the death chamber at the state prison in Jackson, Ga., Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2001. Terry Mincey is scheduled to be the first inmate executed by lethal injection on Thursday after the Georgia Supreme Court ruled that electrocution violated the state constitution's ban on cruel and unusual punishment. The yellow door goes to the holding cell, the two chrome encircled holes go to the control room behind the glass to the left and the right windows allow a view from the witness room. (AP Photo/Ric Feld)
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