Real time Analytics with Apache Kafka and Apache Spark

1. Real time Analytics with Apache Kafka and Spark October 2014 Meetup Organized by Big Data Hyderabad. http://www.meetup.com/Big-Data-Hyderabad/ Rahul Jain @rahuldausa

2. About Me • Big data/Search Consultant • 8+ years of learning experience. • Worked (got a chance) on High volume distributed applications. • Still a learner (and beginner)

3. Quick Questionnaire How many people know/work on Scala ? How many people know/work on Apache Kafka? How many people know/heard/are using Apache Spark ?

4. What we are going to learn/see today ? • Apache Zookeeper (Overview) • Apache Kafka – Hands-on • Apache Spark – Hands-on • Spark Streaming (Explore)

5. Apache Zookeeper TM

6. What is Zookeeper • An Open source, High Performance coordination service for distributed applications • Centralized service for – Configuration Management – Locks and Synchronization for providing coordination between distributed systems – Naming service (Registry) – Group Membership • Features – hierarchical namespace – provides watcher on a znode – allows to form a cluster of nodes • Supports a large volume of request for data retrieval and update • http://zookeeper.apache.org/ Source : http://zookeeper.apache.org

7. Zookeeper Use cases • Configuration Management • Cluster member nodes Bootstrapping configuration from a central source • Distributed Cluster Management • Node Join/Leave • Node Status in real time • Naming Service – e.g. DNS • Distributed Synchronization – locks, barriers • Leader election • Centralized and Highly reliable Registry

8. Zookeeper Data Model  Hierarchical Namespace  Each node is called “znode”  Each znode has data(stores data in byte[] array) and can have children  znode – Maintains “Stat” structure with version of data changes , ACL changes and timestamp – Version number increases with each changes

9. Let’s recall basic concepts of Messaging System

10. Point to Point Messaging (Queue) Credit: http://fusesource.com/docs/broker/5.3/getting_started/FuseMBStartedKeyJMS.html

11. Publish-Subscribe Messaging (Topic) Credit: http://fusesource.com/docs/broker/5.3/getting_started/FuseMBStartedKeyJMS.html

12. Apache Kafka

13. Overview • An apache project initially developed at LinkedIn • Distributed publish-subscribe messaging system • Designed for processing of real time activity stream data e.g. logs, metrics collections • Written in Scala • Does not follow JMS Standards, neither uses JMS APIs • Features – Persistent messaging – High-throughput – Supports both queue and topic semantics – Uses Zookeeper for forming a cluster of nodes (producer/consumer/broker) and many more… • http://kafka.apache.org/

14. How it works Credit : http://kafka.apache.org/design.html

15. Real time transfer Broker does not Push messages to Consumer, Consumer Polls messages from Broker. Consumer1 (Group1) Consumer3 (Group2) Kafka Broker Consumer4 (Group2) Producer Zookeeper Consumer2 (Group1) Update Consumed Message offset Queue Topology Topic Topology Kafka Broker

16. Performance Numbers Producer Performance Consumer Performance Credit : http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/UM/people/srikanth/netdb11/netdb11papers/netdb11-final12.pdf

17. About Apache Spark • Initially started at UC Berkeley in 2009 • Fast and general purpose cluster computing system • 10x (on disk) - 100x (In-Memory) faster • Most popular for running Iterative Machine Learning Algorithms. • Provides high level APIs in • Java • Scala • Python • Integration with Hadoop and its eco-system and can read existing data. • http://spark.apache.org/

18. So Why Spark ? • Most of Machine Learning Algorithms are iterative because each iteration can improve the results • With Disk based approach each iteration’s output is written to disk making it slow Hadoop execution flow Spark execution flow http://www.wiziq.com/blog/hype-around-apache-spark/

19. Spark Stack • Spark SQL – For SQL and unstructured data processing • MLib – Machine Learning Algorithms • GraphX – Graph Processing • Spark Streaming – stream processing of live data streams http://spark.apache.org

20. Execution Flow http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/cluster-overview.html

21. Terminology • Application Jar – User Program and its dependencies except Hadoop & Spark Jars bundled into a Jar file • Driver Program – The process to start the execution (main() function) • Cluster Manager – An external service to manage resources on the cluster (standalone manager, YARN, Apache Mesos) • Deploy Mode – cluster : Driver inside the cluster – client : Driver outside of Cluster

22. Terminology (contd.) • Worker Node : Node that run the application program in cluster • Executor – Process launched on a worker node, that runs the Tasks – Keep data in memory or disk storage • Task : A unit of work that will be sent to executor • Job – Consists multiple tasks – Created based on a Action • Stage : Each Job is divided into smaller set of tasks called Stages that is sequential and depend on each other • SparkContext : – represents the connection to a Spark cluster, and can be used to create RDDs, accumulators and broadcast variables on that cluster.

23. Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) • Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) is a basic Abstraction in Spark • Immutable, Partitioned collection of elements that can be operated in parallel • Basic Operations – map – filter – persist • Multiple Implementation – PairRDDFunctions : RDD of Key-Value Pairs, groupByKey, Join – DoubleRDDFunctions : Operation related to double values – SequenceFileRDDFunctions : Operation related to SequenceFiles • RDD main characteristics: – A list of partitions – A function for computing each split – A list of dependencies on other RDDs – Optionally, a Partitioner for key-value RDDs (e.g. to say that the RDD is hash-partitioned) – Optionally, a list of preferred locations to compute each split on (e.g. block locations for an HDFS file) • Custom RDD can be also implemented (by overriding functions)

24. Cluster Deployment • Standalone Deploy Mode – simplest way to deploy Spark on a private cluster • Amazon EC2 – EC2 scripts are available – Very quick launching a new cluster • Apache Mesos • Hadoop YARN

25. Monitoring

26. Monitoring – Stages

27. Let’s start getting hands dirty

28. Kafka Installation • Download – http://kafka.apache.org/downloads.html • Untar it > tar -xzf kafka_<version>.tgz > cd kafka_<version>

29. Start Servers • Start the Zookeeper server > bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties Pre-requisite: Zookeeper should be up and running. • Now Start the Kafka Server > bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties

30. Create/List Topics • Create a topic > bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 -- replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test • List down all topics > bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper localhost:2181 Output: test

31. Producer • Send some Messages > bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic test Now type on console: This is a message This is another message

32. Consumer • Receive some Messages > bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test --from-beginning This is a message This is another message

33. Multi-Broker Cluster • Copy configs > cp config/server.properties config/server-1.properties > cp config/server.properties config/server-2.properties • Changes in the config files. config/server-1.properties: broker.id=1 port=9093 log.dir=/tmp/kafka-logs-1 config/server-2.properties: broker.id=2 port=9094 log.dir=/tmp/kafka-logs-2

34. Start with New Nodes • Start other Nodes with new configs > bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server-1.properties & > bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server-2.properties & • Create a new topic with replication factor as 3 > bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 3 --partitions 1 --topic my-replicated-topic • List down the all topics > bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic my-replicated-topic Topic:my-replicated-topic PartitionCount:1 ReplicationFactor:3 Configs: Topic: my-replicated-topic Partition: 0 Leader: 1 Replicas: 1,2,0 Isr: 1,2,0

35. Let’s move to Apache Spark

36. Spark Shell ./bin/spark-shell --master local[2] The --master option specifies the master URL for a distributed cluster, or local to run locally with one thread, or local[N] to run locally with N threads. You should start by using local for testing. ./bin/run-example SparkPi 10 This will run 10 iterations to calculate the value of Pi

37. Basic operations… scala> val textFile = sc.textFile("README.md") textFile: spark.RDD[String] = spark.MappedRDD@2ee9b6e3 scala> textFile.count() // Number of items in this RDD ees0: Long = 126 scala> textFile.first() // First item in this RDD res1: String = # Apache Spark scala> val linesWithSpark = textFile.filter(line => line.contains("Spark")) linesWithSpark: spark.RDD[String] = spark.FilteredRDD@7dd4af09 Simplier - Single liner: scala> textFile.filter(line => line.contains("Spark")).count() // How many lines contain "Spark"? res3: Long = 15

38. Map - Reduce scala> textFile.map(line => line.split(" ").size).reduce((a, b) => if (a > b) a else b) res4: Long = 15 scala> import java.lang.Math scala> textFile.map(line => line.split(" ").size).reduce((a, b) => Math.max(a, b)) res5: Int = 15 scala> val wordCounts = textFile.flatMap(line => line.split(" ")).map(word => (word, 1)).reduceByKey((a, b) => a + b) wordCounts: spark.RDD[(String, Int)] = spark.ShuffledAggregatedRDD@71f027b8 wordCounts.collect()

39. With Caching… scala> linesWithSpark.cache() res7: spark.RDD[String] = spark.FilteredRDD@17e51082 scala> linesWithSpark.count() res8: Long = 15 scala> linesWithSpark.count() res9: Long = 15

40. With HDFS… val lines = spark.textFile(“hdfs://...”) val errors = lines.filter(line => line.startsWith(“ERROR”)) println(Total errors: + errors.count())

41. Standalone (Scala) /* SimpleApp.scala */ import org.apache.spark.SparkContext import org.apache.spark.SparkContext._ import org.apache.spark.SparkConf object SimpleApp { def main(args: Array[String]) { val logFile = "YOUR_SPARK_HOME/README.md" // Should be some file on your system val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Simple Application") .setMaster(“local") val sc = new SparkContext(conf) val logData = sc.textFile(logFile, 2).cache() val numAs = logData.filter(line => line.contains("a")).count() val numBs = logData.filter(line => line.contains("b")).count() println("Lines with a: %s, Lines with b: %s".format(numAs, numBs)) } }

42. Standalone (Java) /* SimpleApp.java */ import org.apache.spark.api.java.*; import org.apache.spark.SparkConf; import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function; public class SimpleApp { public static void main(String[] args) { String logFile = "YOUR_SPARK_HOME/README.md"; // Should be some file on your system SparkConf conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Simple Application").setMaster("local"); JavaSparkContext sc = new JavaSparkContext(conf); JavaRDD<String> logData = sc.textFile(logFile).cache(); long numAs = logData.filter(new Function<String, Boolean>() { public Boolean call(String s) { return s.contains("a"); } }).count(); long numBs = logData.filter(new Function<String, Boolean>() { public Boolean call(String s) { return s.contains("b"); } }).count(); System.out.println("Lines with a: " + numAs + ", lines with b: " + numBs); } }

43. Job Submission $SPARK_HOME/bin/spark-submit --class "SimpleApp" --master local[4] target/scala-2.10/simple-project_2.10-1.0.jar

44. Configuration val conf = new SparkConf() .setMaster("local") .setAppName("CountingSheep") .set("spark.executor.memory", "1g") val sc = new SparkContext(conf)

45. Let’s discuss Real-time Clickstream Analytics

46. Analytics High Level Flow A clickstream is the recording of the parts of the screen a computer user clicks on while web browsing. http://blog.cloudera.com/blog/2014/03/letting-it-flow-with-spark-streaming/

47. Spark Streaming Makes it easy to build scalable fault-tolerant streaming applications. – Ease of Use – Fault Tolerance – Combine streaming with batch and interactive queries.

48. Support Multiple Input/Outputs Credit : http://spark.apache.org

49. Streaming Flow Credit : http://spark.apache.org

50. Spark Streaming Terminology • Spark Context – An object with configuration parameters • Discretized Steams (DStreams) – Stream from input sources or generated after transformation – Continuous series of RDDs • Input DSteams – Stream of raw data from input sources

51. Spark Context SparkConf sparkConf = new SparkConf().setAppName(”PageViewsCount"); sparkConf.setMaster("local[2]");//running locally with 2 threads // Create the context with a 5 second batch size JavaStreamingContext jssc = new JavaStreamingContext(sparkConf, new Duration(5000));

52. Reading from Kafka Stream int numThreads = Integer.parseInt(args[3]); Map<String, Integer> topicMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); String[] topics = args[2].split(","); for (String topic: topics) { topicMap.put(topic, numThreads); } JavaPairReceiverInputDStream<String, String> messages = KafkaUtils.createStream(jssc, <zkQuorum>, <group> , topicMap);

53. Processing of Stream /** * Incoming: // (192.168.2.82,1412977327392,www.example.com,192.168.2.82) // 192.168.2.82: key : tuple2._1() // 1412977327392,www.example.com,192.168.2.82: value: tuple2._2() */ // Method signature: messages.map(InputArgs, OutputArgs) JavaDStream<Tuple2<String, String>> events = messages.map(new Function<Tuple2<String, String>, Tuple2<String, String>>() { @Override public Tuple2<String, String> call(Tuple2<String, String> tuple2) { String[] parts = tuple2._2().split(","); return new Tuple2<>(parts[2], parts[1]); } }); JavaPairDStream<String, Long> pageCountsByUrl = events.map(new Function<Tuple2<String,String>, String>(){ @Override public String call(Tuple2<String, String> pageView) throws Exception { return pageView._2(); } }).countByValue(); System.out.println("Page counts by url:"); pageCountsByUrl.print();

54. Thanks! @rahuldausa on twitter and slideshare http://www.linkedin.com/in/rahuldausa Join us @ For Solr, Lucene, Elasticsearch, Machine Learning, IR http://www.meetup.com/Hyderabad-Apache-Solr-Lucene-Group/ http://www.meetup.com/DataAnalyticsGroup/ Join us @ For Hadoop, Spark, Cascading, Scala, NoSQL, Crawlers and all cutting edge technologies. http://www.meetup.com/Big-Data-Hyderabad/

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