2009年10月25日
位置ゲーの歴史をまとめてみた
Wikipediaに位置ゲーの項目ができていたので、私の知っていることを補完していってるのですが、いろいろ調べていくうち、面白いことが判ってきました。
せっかくなので図にまとめてみました。
(なお、判らないままにまとめたところも多々あります。正確な情報を持っている方は、教えていただければ修正します。)
図の見方としては、矢印の始まりと終わりで、サービスの開始時期と終了時期を表し、色で対応しているキャリアを表しています。
黒色の矢印はマルチキャリア(対応キャリア数は問わない)を表しています。
複数のサービスの矢印が同じ高さに、時期をずらして書かれている場合は、サービス間に継承関係があることを示しています。
また、細い点線矢印は、矢印の発信元のサービスに、発信先のサービスが影響を受けたということを示しています。
影響と一口に言っても、
- リスペクト(クリックトリップ⇒アンテナ奪うのれす、コロプラ⇒みんなの木、コロプラ⇒モバイル戦国時代等)
- テーマの解題(アンテナ奪取⇒類似ゲーム、マピオンスタンプラリー⇒ケータイ国盗り合戦)
- 技術の流用/流入(アンテナ’⇒ケータイ国盗り合戦、コロニナ⇒コロニナ2、妄想の帝国⇒電波の杜系各サービス)
等いろいろな影響がありますが、いずれにせよ、前者のサービスがなければ後者のサービスは生まれなかったと思われるものを示しています。
以下、解説を加えていきます。
位置ゲーの歴史はJ-PHONE(現SoftBank)から始まった
意外に思われるかもしれませんが、日本最古の位置ゲーは、2000年12月にJ-PHONEが位置情報サービス「Jスカイステーション」を提供したのと同時に、その利用サイトとして公開された「誰でもスパイ気分」「クリックトリップ」の2ゲームから始まります。
さすがにこの時期は私も注意を払っていなかったので、実は2つがどのようなゲームだったか、というのはよく判ってません。
クリックトリップは、移動距離を元に全国を旅する、仮想すごろくのようなゲームだったと聞いています。
クリックトリップ以後、SoftBank起源のゲームの系譜は途切れましたが、しかし「アンテナ奪うのれす」の作者だったへなさんは「クリックトリップのようなゲームを作りたい」というところから「奪うのれす」を産んでいますので、その意味では現在の位置ゲーの歴史に繋がっています。
位置ゲーは過去2回、爆発している
位置ゲーは過去2回、爆発的発生を示しています。
1度目は2002年-2003年頃。
この時期に、位置ゲーの大きな系譜に連なる元ゲーム、
- auのアンテナ奪うのれす(2002/8)
- 妄想の帝国(2003/4)
- コロニーな生活(2003/5)
- マピオンスタンプラリー(2003/7?)
が一通り出揃っています。
この時期は、各キャリアが黎明期的な位置情報機能を投入し始めた時で、
-
auのGPS機能搭載(2001/12)
当初のGPSは遅すぎる、等問題があったため、実際にゲームに使われたのは基地局の簡易位置情報だったりしましたが、GPS搭載が位置情報利用への注目を集めたことは否めません。 -
DoCoMoのオープンiエリア公開(2002/2)
DoCoMoが勝手に決めた全国505エリアは、位置情報サービスに使うにはイマイチでしたが、エリアをDoCoMoが定義してくれているのでスタンプラリー基盤として使うには便利でした。 -
Willcom(当時DDIポケット)での、Air-EDGE Phone(通称味ぽん)の発売(2003/4)
Willcomから出たハイエンド端末シリーズ「Air-EDGE Phone」は、当初から位置情報に対応する等いろいろ面白い仕様があり、熱狂的で質の高いユーザ層の自主開発で、色々な実験的コンテンツが生まれました。
という時代背景の元、各キャリアの位置情報機能の特徴を活かしたサービスが多く生まれました。
その後、既存サービスが対応キャリアを増やしたり、或いはリスペクトされた類似サービスを生んだりしながら、位置ゲーは徐々に成長してきましたが、次に大きな爆発を見せるのが、2008年-2009年頃になります。
この時期は、長年全国505エリアの縛りを崩さなかったDoCoMoの位置情報サービス・オープンiエリアが、経緯度情報も併せて提供するようになった時期(2007/12)と重なります。
これにより、(一時期の勢いはないとは言え)最大キャリアのDoCoMoで自由度の高い位置情報コンテンツが作れるようになり、また既存のサービスも、これまで対応不可だったDoCoMoに対応したり、元々DoCoMoに対応していたサービスも、505エリアの縛りが解けて自由なコンテンツ展開が可能になったりといった効果で、新たなサービスの増加や既存サービスの大きな飛躍も生まれるようになりました。
同時に、Flash Liteの普及も、大きな役割を果たしていると言えそうです。
Flash Liteの普及により、既存のHTMLだけのサイトでは敷居の高かったコンテンツプロバイダにとっても、参入の障壁が下がったことが影響していそうです。
ちょうどこの時期に、既存の系譜に連ならない新しい傾向の位置ゲーも登場していますが、それらのサービスが軒並みFlash Liteを使ったサービスになっているのも、あながち偶然ではないのかもしれません。
位置ゲーの系譜は、いくつかの系統に分けられ、ベースとなったゲームでの、元キャリアでの位置情報機能の影響を受けている
位置ゲーは数多くありますが、サービスの継承やリスペクトの存在等を追っていくと、第2次爆発の際に出てきた新機軸のサービスを除いては、ほとんどが第1次爆発の時に発生したいくつかの元ゲームにまとめられそうです。
また、それぞれの元ゲームは、元ゲームの当初対応していたキャリアの位置情報機能の特性に大きく影響を受けているのも判りました。
-
奪取系
アンテナ奪うのれすを祖に持ち、直系は日本縦断アンテナDASH、他にあんてなめぇやエリア奪取等多くの派生やリスペクトサービスを産んだ系譜。
auの簡易位置情報は、他キャリアと異なり電波強度での三角測量等を行わず、アンテナ基地局そのものの位置を返すという特徴があるが、それを利用して、それをみんなで奪い合えば面白いのではないか?というところから生まれた位置ゲー。
イマイチサービスとしての伸びが見られないのは、特定キャリアの特徴に依存した要素をゲームに使っているため他キャリア展開が難しいのと、奪い合い=ゼロサムゲームのため、楽しめるユーザ数に自ずと収容限界が生じてしまうためか。 -
スタンプラリー系
マピオンスタンプラリーを祖に持ち、派生としてケータイ国盗り合戦を産んだ系譜。
DoCoMoのiエリアという、位置情報としては使いにくいがスタンプラリープラットフォームとしては使いやすい仕様から生まれたため、エリアをベースにしたスタンプラリー系ゲームになっており、ユーザにとっては自分との戦いで他ユーザとのインタラクションは薄いが、ゼロサムゲームではないため収容ユーザ数の限界はない。 -
育成系
コロニーな生活を祖に持ち、直系はコロニーな生活☆PLUS、他に多くの派生やリスペクトサービスを産んだ系譜。
移動距離などの位置情報要素を元に、なにかを育成していく、といった系統が多いが、ベースとなったDDIポケット(現Willcom)・Air-EDGE Phoneの位置情報プラットフォームの特徴、というよりは、 Air-EDGE Phoneユーザコミュニティの質の高さ・創意工夫気質の表れと思われる。
(実際、アンテナ奪取でも、Air-EDGE Phoneへの対応は、全機種ではなく特定機種のファームウェアのバグを突いて実現したという経緯があるが、そのバグの存在や確実に再現する方法の導出をAir-EDGE Phoneコミュニティはあっという間に解明してしまい、その質・モチベーションの高さにはすごく感銘を受けた記憶がある)
育成のためにユーザ間が協調するゲーム性のため、収容ユーザ数に限界がないだけではなく、ユーザによるサービス拡張圧力が生じる。 -
電波の杜系
育成系同様Air-EDGE Phoneコミュニティから生まれた系統。
特定のゲーム性の系譜と言うよりは、電波の杜れさく氏が、妄想の帝国に始まって、様々なゲーム性を模索して提供されているサービス群を総称した(ゲーム性的には他の系譜とかぶる部分があっても、影響を受けていないという点で別系統とした)。
初期の位置コンテンツ⇒住所が取れない⇒それなら自分で名付けてしまうか(妄想の帝国)、相対位置情報(妄想の監獄)等、さまざまなゲーム要素が考案されており、この辺もAir-EDGE Phoneコミュニティ独特の創意工夫の系譜を継いでいるのかと思われる。 -
収集系
第1次爆発で発生した系統の影響をあまり受けず、第2次爆発で新たに発生した系統。
たまたまだとは思うが、位置情報をスパイスにして何かを集めていく(しらべる⇒アバターアイテム、おいらん⇒武芸者カード、ココ釣り⇒魚、ケートラ⇒おみやげやどうぐ)系が多かったので、便宜的にまとめてみた(相互に影響は受けていないと思われるので、系統とするのは微妙かもしれないが...)。
新規に出てきた分、位置情報への思い入れは低いのか、位置情報はスパイスに使う程度で、『絶対にその場に行かないと何かが取得できない』といった要素は少ない。
また、Flashの多用等も、偶然だと思われるがこの層に多く見られる。
SoftBank系は、現在に連なる位置ゲーの系譜がありませんが、最古の位置ゲーは先にも書いたとおりJ-PHONE(現SoftBank)から生まれていますので、日本の主要4キャリアそれぞれから独特の形態の位置ゲーの系譜が生まれていて、それぞれにそのキャリアっぽい特徴があって、面白いです。
このように位置ゲーの歴史を振り返ってみると、発生もゲーム要素も、キャリアの提供する位置情報プラットフォーム技術等の外部条件変化に大きな影響を受けていて、面白いです。
その視点から、この先の位置ゲーの変化を読むに影響のありそうな要素をピックアップすると、
- 一部端末での、海外位置情報取得可能化
- iPhone、Android等スマートフォンの普及と、geolocation APIの普及
- AR(拡張現実感)の普及
あたりかなと思います。
このような要素を取り込んで、今後位置ゲーがどのような発展を見せるのか、楽しみです。
Excerpt: 位置ゲーの技術解説などで有名なここギコさんが、位置ゲーの歴史をまとめてみたという記事をエントリーされてます。 位置ゲーが過去2回に渡って爆発的に盛り上が...
Weblog: 電波の杜
Tracked: 2009年10月25日 21:22
Excerpt: 最近、コロプラの副社長千葉さんが、Twitterでつぶやき始め...
Weblog: ここギコ!
Tracked: 2010年03月16日 12:54
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