CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE MIDDLE AGES



 
 
 
 

Description
 

Bibliography
    * General
    * Astronomy
    * Averroes
    * Spices
 
 

    * Complete bibliography 
Frédéric II (Christina Ferree)

Abulafia, David.  Frederick II : a medieval emperor. London: Allen Lane, 1988.  (
utile en ce qui concerne les faits historiques; un point de vue qui diffère beaucoup de celui des autres historiens.

Ahmad, Aziz.  A History of Islamic Sicily.  Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1975.  (Très utile, concis; Le chapitre 10 traite de Frédéric II et les rapports à la cour)

Benoist, Méchin.  Frédéric de Hohenstaufen : ou, Le rêve excommunié : 1194-1250.  Paris : Perrin, 1980.  
Très agréable à lire, très clair; une perspective traditionnelle envers Frédéric II

“Frederick II.”  The Catholic Encyclopedia.  www.newadvent.org/cathen 
bonne ressource même si ce n’est pas très impartial, et parfois un peu satisfait de soi.
 

La représentation de Frédéric II dans la littérature  (Christina Ferree)

Brucker, Charles.  “Le Personnage de Frederic II dans la poesie lyrique d'oc du XIIIe siecle.”  I: 31-44 IN Keller, Hans Erich (ed.); D'Heur, Jean-Marie (ed.); Mermier, Guy R. (ed.); Vuijlsteke, Marc (ed.); Collard, Patrick (biog.). Studia Occitanica in Memoriam Paul Remy, I: The Troubadours; II: The Narrative  Philology. Kalamazoo : Medieval Inst. Pubs., Western Michigan Univ., 1986.  
Un article très utile.

Dragonetti, Roger; Shoaf, Judith P. (tr.).  “Dante and Frederick II: The Poetry of History.”  Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Asheville, NC. 1989 Spring, 1:1, 1-15.  
C’est un bon article sur la représentation de Frédéric II dans l’oeuvre de Dante.

Dunphy, Graeme.  “Images of the Emperor Frederick II in the Universal Chronicle of Jansen Enikel.”  Amsterdamer Beitrage zur Alteren Germanistik, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1994, 40, 139-57.  

Shepard, Laurie Ann.  “Rhetorical Innovation in the Chancery of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and Its Reception by Vernacular Poets of the Thirteenth Century.”  Dissertation Abstracts International, Ann Arbor, MI (DAI). 1986 June, 46:12, 3715A.

Stephany, William A.   “Pier della Vigna's Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: The 'Eulogy' of Frederick II and Inferno 13”.  Traditio: Studies in Ancient and Medieval History, Thought, and Religion, Bronx, NY (Traditio). 1982, 38, 193-212.  
Cet article est utile pour une étude sur Frédéric II et Dante.

Villa, Claudia.  “Trittico per Federico II 'Immutator mundi'.”  Aevum: Rassegna di Scienze Storiche, Linguistiche, e Filologiche, Milan, Italy (Aevum). 1997 May-Aug, 71:2, 331-58.
 

Les troubadours et la politique  (Christina Ferree)

Aurell, Martin.  La Vielle et l'epee: Troubadours et politique en Provence au XIIIeme siecle.  Paris : Aubier, 1989.  
Très intéressant, et utile, ce livre montre l’influence des troubadours sur la politique et l’interaction entre les troubadours et les régnants

Bec, Pierre.  “Mythe et realite dans la vision des trubadours du XVIe au XVIIIe siecle: Expose introductif; Actes du XIVe Congres (Limoges, 1977) de la Soc. Fr. de Litt. Gen. & Comp.”  247-253 IN Grassin, Jean-Marie (ed.). Mythes, images, representations. Paris; Limoges : Didier; Trames Univ. de Limoges, 1981; 1981.

Ghil, Eliza Miruna.  L'Age de Parage: Essai sur le poetique et le politique en Occitanie au XIIIe siecle.  New York : Peter Lang, 1989.

Graham, John M.   “National Identity and the Politics of Publishing the Troubadours”  57-94 IN Bloch, R. Howard (ed.); Nichols, Stephen G. (ed.). Medievalism and the Modernist Temper. Baltimore, MD : Johns Hopkins UP, 1996.
 

Islamic Calligraphy (Jennifer Latham)
             
Aziza, Mohamed, La calligraphie arabe.  Tunis: S.T.D., 1973.

Gaur, Albertine, A History of Calligraphy.  New York: Cross River Press, 1994.
A comprehensive study of the evolution of calligraphy with emphasis on the period from the Middle Ages to the present.  This book includes chapters on the role of female scribes and differences between the calligraphic traditions of the West and of the Orient.  Illustrations and anecdotes about the role of calligraphy in perpetuating religious texts provides helpful details for research.  

Herbin, Auguste Francois Julien, Developpemens des principes de la langue arabe 
moderne suivis d'un recueil de phrases, de traductions interlineaires, de proverbes 
arabes, et d'un essai de calligraphie orientale.  Paris : Baudouin, Imprimeur de 
l'Institut national, 1803.

Hoffman, Philippe, ed.  Recherches de codicologie comparée.  Paris: Presses de l’École 
normale supérieure, 1998.
This book focuses on the history of the codex as a scriptural teaching tool.  Emphasis on traditions among scribes from Europe and Persia provides helpful details on the structure of the codex and cultural differences in bookbinding traditions.  It includes specific information of interest to paleontologists and philologists who seek details on book production and page layout.

Khatibi, Abdelkebir and Mohammed Sijelmassi, The Splendour of Islamic Calligraphy.  
 Trans. James Hughes.  London: Thames and Hudson, 1976.
Khatibi and Sijelmassi’s work outlines the evolution of Islamic calligraphy from the 7th century to the present, providing historical background on the theoretical origins of the Arabic alphabet.  Researchers looking for philosophical and mystical explanations of transcendence and spirituality through Islamic writing will find this book especially useful.  Multiple illustrations and alphabets from different arabophone countries show a variety of fonts, including those of kufic and maghribi calligraphy.

Le Patourel, John.  “Calligraphy, Islamic.”  Dictionary of the Middle Ages.  Ed. Joseph 
R. Strayer.  13 vols.  New York: Scribner’s, 1983.
This article provides both general and detailed information about the origin of Arabic writing, from the transmission of the Koran through the Middle Ages.  A useful introduction to the importance of the Arabic language in Islam, this article also mentions dates associated with the history of calligraphy, including the date of the first Koranic text, as well as names and brief biographies of important calligraphers.

Naji, Hilal. Ibn Muqlah : khattatan wa-adiban wa-insanan : ma`a tahqiq risalatihi fi al-
khatt wa-al-qalam. Baghdad : Dar al-Shu'un al-Thaqafiyah al-`Ammah, 1991.

The Pattern of Beauty.  Videocassette.  Stephen Cross Ltd, 1999.

Word Power in Islamic Art.  Videocassette.  University of Toronto Media Centre, 1992.
A helpful introduction to Arabic calligraphy, this 12-minute video demonstrates the use of calligraphy not only in transcription of religious texts on paper, but in Islamic architecture and sculpture, as well.  The orality of the Arabic language is emphasized in conjunction with visual images of lettering on ceramic bowls, clothing, and other surfaces.  This video also provides a detailed explanation of the hadith theories about Allah’s creation of the pen, which establishes a meaningful context for the rest of the presentation.      

Zakariya, Mohamed U., The Calligraphy of Islam.  Washington, D.C. : Center for 
 Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University Press, 1979.
Zakariya’s work explains not only the history of calligraphy since the era of Mohammed, but contemporary issues about the fate of Arabic writing, as well.  The book includes various theories about the advent of the Arabic alphabet, as well as helpful illustrations of commonly-seen fonts from medieval manuscripts.  Zakariya emphasizes the singularity of the Arabic language in the transmission of the Koran, demonstrating the spirituality of calligraphy and the honor associated with becoming a professional Arabic calligrapher.

 The Veiling Tradition in Christian, Jewish and Muslim Society (Jennifer Latham)

Ahmed, Leila.  “Early Islam and the Position of Women.”  Women in Middle Eastern 
History.  Ed. Nikki R. Keddie and Beth Baron.  New Haven, Connecticut: Yale 
University Press, 1991.
Ahmed’s article provides useful details on the history of Islam from the time of 
Muhammed through that of the Umayyad and Abbasid empires.  This article 
focuses on gender relations,  with emphasis on the contributions of the mystic 
Rabi’a to Sufism.  Ahmed outlines the impact of Koranic interpretations on 
women’s status within conjugal relationships.  

Blamires, Alcuin, ed., Woman Defamed and Woman Defended: An Anthology of 
Medieval Texts.  Oxford, New York: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Blamires’ anthology reveals evidence of women’s low status in medieval western society.  Through examples of literary and theological works in which women are portrayed as sorceresses, temptresses, and  inferior citizens, Blamires proves the disadvantages of being a woman in patriarchal cultures.  References to  St. Augustine, Tertullian, and Gratian, among other Church Fathers, demonstrate the ways in which interpretations of Biblical texts developed into stereotypes about women and affected the development of religious ordinances such as veiling.  

Børresen, Kari Elisabeth and Kari Vogt, ed.  Women’s Studies of the Christian and 
Islamic Traditions.  Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
Børresen and Vogt’s anthology provides a comprehensive collection of 
bibliographical references regarding feminist issues in the Middle Ages, as well 
as the centuries that preceded and followed this period.  The work includes basic 
background information on the Church Mothers, including Caterina da Siena and 
Birgitta of Norwich, who either internalized or rejected the teachings of the 
patriarchal Christian church.  The editors focus on prominent women from 
various countries and include a chapter outlining similarities between Catholic 
Mariology and Islam’s pro-feminine aspects.  Detailed bibliographies on subjects 
ranging from Islamic law to feminine apparel make this work useful to readers 
seeking a broad base of information.

Cosman, Madeline Pelner, “Costume, Western European.”  Dictionary of the Middle 
Ages.  Ed. Joseph R. Strayer.  13 vols.  New York: Scribner’s, 1983.
Cosman explains in her article the significance of elaborate costumes  in Western 
European fashions of the Middle Ages.  She provides detailed information on 
head coverings worn by both men and women and describes veils as an accessory 
often attached to women’s “hennins,” or conical hats.  Instead of describing the 
significance of veil-wearing in religious ceremonies, Cosman indicates that veils 
were more often used as love tokens.  The article mentions sumptuary laws 
regarding medieval dress, but specifies that such laws were enforced only 
sporadically during the Middle Ages.

Houtsma, M. Th., “Hidjab,” First Encyclopedia of Islam.  Ed. A.T. Wensinck.  2 vols.  
New York: E.J. Brill, 1993.
Houtsma’s article gives a brief outline of the Koranic passages that were 
interpreted as directives on veiling among Muslims.  This article focuses mainly on the wearing of the “hidjab”, or veil, as established in the early Islamic period.

Jeremias, Alfred, Der Schleier von Sumer bis Heute.  Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche 
Buchhandlung, 1931.
Jeremias describes the veiling tradition in various cultures from Antiquity 
through the 19th century and provides useful photographs of artifacts that indicate 
the existence of veils throughout history.

Keddie, Nikki R.  Introduction.  Women in Middle Eastern History.  By Keddie.  Ed. 
Nikki R. Keddie and Beth Baron.  New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University 
Press, 1991.
Keddie’s introduction examines gender relations and controversy over movements 
favoring women’s liberation in Muslim countries from pre-Islamic years to the 
present.  She describes the reasoning behind seclusion and veiling of women, 
noting that these customs existed primarily for protection of Muslim women 
against non-Muslims, who were often perceived as enemies in the Middle East.  
Keddie specifies that certain customs that are today considered “Islamic”, 
including veiling, actually began in 13th-century Assyria.

Mernissi, Fatima, The Veil and the Male Elite, trans. Mary Jo Lakeland.  Reading, 
Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1991.
 Mernissi gives an in-depth explanation of Koranic verses that led to the veiling 
tradition and advises readers of the necessity of objective research regarding this 
subject.  She suggests that readers should thoroughly examine Islamic sacred 
texts from various perspectives.  However, Mernissi warns, maintaining complete 
objectivity becomes a formidible challenge, since imams, mullahs, and other 
Islamic religious leaders must also rely on interpretations of Muhammed’s 
companions.  Therefore, as Mernissi explains, the true significance of surahs that 
are currently linked to veiling can no longer be determined, because modern 
research is so far removed from the 7th century, the era of Muhammed.  Mernissi 
provides an exhaustive list of examples of veil-wearing and explanations of its 
symbolism in modern society, as well.
 

Schmidt, Alvin J., Veiled and Silenced: How Culture Shaped Sexist Theology.  Macon, 
Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1989.
This work outlines the progression of religious restrictions on women’s lives from 
ancient times through the present day in Jewish and Christian societies, 
particularly of the West.  Schmidt offers a detailed comparison of biblical and 
Talmudic passages which link the two religions with regard to women’s status in 
society.  A chapter on the history and meaning of veiling leads to Schmidt’s 
conclusion that this custom disappeared during the Middle Ages.

Segond, Louis, trans. La Sainte Bible.  Genève: Société  Biblique de Genève, 1967.

Stillman, Yedida K., “Costume, Islamic.”  Dictionary of the Middle Ages.  Ed. Joseph R. 
Strayer.  13 vols.  New York: Scribner’s, 1983.
The significance of Islamic sumptuary laws and their impact on non-Muslims 
becomes a focal point in this article, in which Stillman emphasizes the role of 
veiling in feminine spirituality.  This description of the veiling tradition in Islam 
demonstrates the unique importance of veiling as a sign of purity and respect, as 
well as a social status symbol, among Arab cultures.  Stillman does not make a 
clear distinction between “Arab” and “Islamic”; an explanation of sumptuary 
laws outlines the prohibition of “Arab” headgear in non-Muslim societies during 
the Middle Ages.

Stillman, Yedida K., “Costume, Jewish.” Dictionary of the Middle Ages.  Ed. Joseph R. 
Strayer.  13 vols.  New York: Scribner’s, 1983.
In this article Stillman describes the distinguishing characteristics of western 
Jewish costume during the Middle Ages, particularly the obligatory red badge 
and “Judenhut”, or head covering.  Stillman illustrates the Jewish veil as an 
important feature which differentiated Jewish women from those of other 
religions: as mentioned in the article, Talmudic law prohibited married women 
from appearing unveiled in public
 

Astronomy:  (Nancy Wilson)

Chaucer, Geoffrey.  A Treatise on the Astrolabe.  1391.  Edited from the earliest MSS by Walter W. Skeat.  London:  Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1872.
 Chaucer’s old English work is based largely on “Compositio et Operatio Astrolabie,” the Latin translation of the eighth century Arabian astronomer Messahala (or Macha-allah)’s work.  Would be especially useful for philology studies to see how the old English transmits this originally Arab  text.

Dallal, Ahmad S., Ed. and Translator.  An Islamic Response to Greek Astronomy.  New York: E. J. Brill, 1995.
 Includes the original Arabic text with translation and commentary.  Discusses how Sadr al-Shari'a al-Thani refined Greek (Ptolemaic) astronomy.  Although not directly treating cultural diversity, this book shows how discoveries in different cultures built upon each other (and how the Arab world was able to improve Greek astronomy).

Delambre, M.  Histoire de l’Astronomie du Moyen Age.  1819.  New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1965.
 A look at medieval astronomy from the 18th century.  Not very objective.  Not very useful for cultural diversity studies.

Goldstein, B. R.  Theory and Observation in Ancient and Medieval Astronomy.  London:  Variorum Reprints, 1985
 This book looks at ancient astronomy, the theories of medieval astronomy, the observations and instruments used in the Middle Ages (including a Hispano-Arabic astrolobe), and astronomy in the Jewish communities of the Middle Ages.  Very useful, especially in showing the relationships between Hebrew/Jewish and Arabic astronomy.

Gunther, Robert T.  The Astrolabes of the World.  Vol 1: The Eastern Astrolabes.  London:  The Holland Press, 1976.
 A cataloguing of the world’s astrolabes (2 volumes), based on museum and private collections, provides an in-depth look at astrolabes from different cultures as it was developed differently around the world.  Includes helpful drawings and a lot of historical background. 

Heinen, Anton M.  Islamic Cosmology.  Beirut: Orient Institut der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1982.
 This study of As-Suyuti's al-Hay'a as-saniya fi l-hay'a as-sunniya gives some insight into various Islamic astronomer's writings and looks at some of the scientific interests of Islam in the early stages.  Useful overview of Islamic cosmology, but not very useful for cultural diversity studies. 

Hyman, Arthur, Translation and Commentary.  Averroes on the Substance of the Celestial Sphere: Critical Edition of the Hebrew Text with English Translation and Commentary.  Massachusetts:  Medieval Academy of America, 1986.

King, David A.  Astronomy in the Service of Islam.  Vermont:  Variorum, 1993.
Includes very interesting information concerning the relationship between medieval astronomy and Islam. Cultural diversity is not the main focus.

Laird, Edgar and Fischer, Robert, Eds. and translators.  Pèlerin de Prusse on the Astrolabe: Text and Translation of his Practique de astralabe.  New York: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1995.
 History of Charles V’s court and Pèlerin de Prusse, who served as royal astronomer and servant there.  Translation and original French version of Pèlerin de Prusse’s work which was based on the same Messahalla text that influenced Chaucer.  For cultural diversity studies, this work is helpful in seeing how two occidental authors (Pèlerin de Prusse and Chaucer) transmitted a how-to manual on the astrolabe from the East into their own native languages.

McCluskey, Stephen C.  Astronomies and Cultures in Early Medieval Europe.  New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
 McCluskey covers the importance of astronomy in different cultures (from early Christianity, Celtic/Irish, Roman, etc.) and then discusses the encounter of Arabic and Latin astronomies. Useful.

Michel, Henri.  Traité de L’astrolabe.  Paris:  Librairie Alain Brieux, 1976.
 Very useful; this book offers a wonderful introduction to the astrolabe’s history and use, and it also has a list of “who’s who” among astrolabists throughout out history.  This list is divided by Occidental and Oriental astrolabists.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein.  An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines.  Revised Edition.  New York: State University of New York Press, 1993.
 Nasr emphasizes the important role of the universe/cosmology in the Islamic faith and belief structure.  No cultural diversity topics covered.

Netton, Ian Richard.  Allah Transcendent: Studies in the Structure and Semiotics of Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Cosmology.  New York: Routledge, 1989.
 Mainly an intro to Islamic theological theory, this book does, however, offer some chapters on the cosmological aspects of the early Islamic faith.

Poulle, Emmanuel.  Les Instruments Astronomiques du Moyen Age.  Paris:  A Brieux, 1967.
 An overview of different scientific instruments made during the Middle Ages, this work includes very detailed captions for the included photos.

Laird, Edgar.  “Geoffrey Chaucer and Other Contributions to the Treatise on the Astrolabe.”  Rewriting Chaucer: Culture, Authority, and the Idea of the Authetic Text. Prendergast, Thomas A. and Kline, Barbara, Eds. pp 145-165.  Columbus, Ohio:  The Ohio State University Press, 1999.
 This article, written by one of the editors of Pèlerin de Prusse on the Astrolabe, offers an interesting look at the astronomical (eastern) influences of Chaucer and how his historical context affected his manuscript.

Samsó, Julio.  Islamic Astronomy and Medieval Spain. Vermont:  Variorum, 1994.
 Interesting combination of articles covering the influence and survival of Andalusian astronomy and Latin astronomy.   This work might not be accessible to all readers, as the texts appear in Spanish and English.  Somewhat useful.

Saunders, Harold N.  The Astrolabe.  Great Britain: Brunswick Press Ltd., 1971.
 Very clear description of what an astrolabe is and what it can be used for.  The merits of this work are its simplicity and clarity for readers with little knowledge of the astrolabe.

Thurston, Hugh.  Early Astronomy.  New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
 Useful as an overview of the history of astronomy as different groups or periods produced  new discoveries and advances.  I found it strange that Thurston only conceded six pages to "Arabic Astronomy" (and even here, some of the "highlights" are the arabic translations of Greek texts.)  Helpful in that this work is easy to read (not too scientific/mathematical).

Tihon, Anne.  Études d’Astronomie Byzantine.  Vermont:  Variorum, 1994.
More of a scientific book, it examines astronomical tables used in the East, mainly in the Byzantine Empire.  Cultural diversity is not its main focus.
 

Averroes (Christine Clay)

Arnold, Sir Thomas and Alfred Guillaume, eds.  The Legacy of Islam.  Oxford UP.  
     1960.
Offers an Islamic point of view on the influence of Ibn Rushd on the West.

“Averroès, 1126-1198: Aristote réinventé.”  Bibliothèque Nationale de France.  16 Mar 
     2000.
     <http://www.bnf.fr/web-bnf/pedagos/dossitsm/b-averro.htm>
A short overview of his philosophical doctrines with links to related topics.

Fakhry, Majid.  A History of Islamic Philosophy.  New York: Columbia UP, 1970.
A chapter on “Ibn Rushd and the defense of Aristotelianism”.

Hitti, Phillip K.  Makers of Arab History.  New York: St. Martin’s Press.  1968.
A chapter devoted to Ibn Rushd, esp. his influence on both eastern and western thought.

Leaman, Oliver.  Averroes and his philosophy.  Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1988.
A more in-depth, though not overly difficult, discussion of the topic.

Lerner, Ralph and Muhsin Mahdi, eds.  Medieval Political Philosophy.  Ithaca: Cornell,
     1963.
Gives the entire text of one of Averroes treatises on religion and philosophy (Fasl al-maqal), in English, with introduction.  

Marmura, Michael E.  “Rushd, Ibn (Averroës).”  Dictionary of the Middle Ages.  Joseph
     R. Strayer, ed.  New York: Scribner, 1989.
A good place to start.  Offers a general review of his life, works, philosophy and influence.

Myers, Eugene.  Arabic Thought and the Western World in the Golden Age of Islam.  
     New York: Frederick Ungar.  1964.  

O’Leary, De Lacy.  Arabic Thought and its Place in History.  New York: Dutton.  1922.

Renan, Ernest.  Averroès et l’Averroïsme.  Paris.  
His groundbreaking work for the 19th century.  While it may now be outdated, it has influenced the research and writing on Averroes in the 20th century.  

Turner, Willian.  “Averroes.”  The Catholic Encyclopedia.  1999 online edition.
     The Catholic Encyclopedia 1913 edition.  16 Mar 2000.
     <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen>
The information is not at all recent, but it offers an interesting, if somewhat hostile, perspective on Averroes’ doctrines.  

Urvoy, Dominique.  Ibn Rushd (Averroes).  Trans. Olivia Stewart.  New York: 
     Routledge, 1991.
A straightforward, readable introduction to his life and works.  Good for the amateur because it is not overly philosophical.

Wahaba, Mourad and Mona Abousenna, eds.  Averroës and the Enlightenment.  New 
     York: Prometheus Books.  1996.
Proceeds from the 5th Afro-Asian Philosophy Conference organized by the Afro-Asian Philosophy Association.  The papers are very interesting if interested in the influence of Ibn Rushd on western thought.
 

La  médecine (Nicolas Ziatzko)
Ammar. « Médecins et médecine de l’islam ». Editions Tougui, 1984
Ouvrage précis, complet et bien organisé. La recherche d’informations diverses est relativement aisée. L’ouvrage permet de contextualiser toutes les données techniques à l’aide d’un panorama historique et philosophique efficace. Ouvrage très utile.

Campbell, Donald. «Arabian medicine and its influence on the middle ages I». AMS Press
 Ouvrage bien organisé en dépit de la surabondance d’informations. 
Simple accumulation de traductions de certains passages de textes médicaux anciens. Réservé aux spécialistes. 

Dubreuil – Chambardel.  « Les médecins dans l’Ouest de la France au XI et XIIe siècle
Société française d’histoire de la médecine » ,1914
Le livre présente la forte influence des abbayes, et plus généralement de la religion dans l’évolution médicale en France. L’influence arabe n’est cependant presque pas citée, excepté dans le cadre des invasions barbares.

Dulieu, Louis. « La médecine à Montpellier – Tome 1 – Le moyen âge ». Les presses 
Universelles, 1975
Ouvrage trop spécialisé mais précis et utile en ce qui concerne la participation des arabes et des juifs à l’essor de la prestigieuse école de médecine.

Guiart, Jules. « Histoire de la médecine française». Nagel, 1954
Excellent ouvrage présentant de manière précise, claire et complète le dévelopement de la médecine française. Il s’agit d’un ouvrage de référence concis et utile.

Jacquart, Danielle. « Médecine médiévale dans le cadre parisien » fayard, 1998
Ouvrage énorme contenant donc de très (trop) nombreuses informations intéressantes. Il requiert cependant un important travail de filtrage.

Jacquart et Thomasset. « Sexuality and medicine in the middle age». 1998.  (Sexualité et savoir médical au moyen âge . Puf. 1985).
Ce livre est extremement spécialisé et il peut être difficile de filtrer les informations. Cependant, les ionformations sont précises et documentées,. Je recommande néanmoins de consulter le texte suivant.
Ouvrage dont il faut filtrer par moment les informations (elles sont souvent assez redondantes) mais néanmoins plus lisible que le livre précédent. En outre, les informations d’ordre médical sont liées à des considérations littéraires, et ce de manière précise.

Wickersheirer, Ernest.  « Dictionnaire bibliographique des médecins en France au moyen âge ».  Librairie Droz. 416p. 1979  
Simple accumulation de noms sans informations réellement utiles.
 

La cartographie au Moyen Age: symbole du dogme  (Bernard Luscans)
 

Fac-simile

Baltimore Museum of Art, The World Encompassed, an Exhibition of the History of Maps at the Museum October 7 to November 1952, Baltimore Museum of Art, 125pp.

Destombes, M (ed.), Mappemondes, A.D. 1200-1500 via Monumenta Cartographica vetustioris aevi: catalogue préparé par la Commission des Cartes Anciennes de l'Union Géographique Internationale, N. Isreal, 1964 and Imago Mundi, vol. I Supplements, vol. 4, N. Isreal.

Early maps of the British Isles, A.D. 1000-A.D. 1579: with introd. and notes by G. R. Crone. London : Royal Geographical Society, 1961.
LOCATION: Maps Collection Folio-2 -- CALL NUMBER: G5740 .R6 1961

Edson, Evelyn, Matthew Paris' "other" Map of Palestine, The Map Collector, 66, 1994, pp. 18-22.

Géographie de Ptolémée, traduction latine de Jacopo d'Angiolo de Florence; reproduction réduite des cartes et plans du manuscrit latin 4802 de la Bibliothèque nationale. Paris, Catala frères, 1926.
LOCATION: Davis Folio-2 -- CALL NUMBER: G1005 .P7 1578a

Gross, J., The Mapmakers Art, an Illustrated History of Cartography, Rand McNally, 1993, 376pp.

Jomard, Edme Francois, Les Monuments de la géographie; ou Recueil d'anciennes cartes européennes et orientales, (Atlas), Paris: Duprat, etc. 1842-62.

Kraus, H.P., The eightieth Catalogue: Remarkable Manuscripts, Books and Maps from the IXth to the XVIIIth century, including many first descriptions of hitherto unknown items recently discovered, New York : H.P. Kraus, [1956?]
LOCATION: RBC Folio -- CALL NUMBER: Z999 .K88 no. 80

Lelewel, Joachim, Géographie du Moyen Âge... accompagnée d'atlas et de cartes dans chaque…, Meridian Publications, 1966 reprint of 1852-57 Brussels: Pilliet edition, 5 vols., (atlas).

Local Maps and Plans from Medieval England, edited by R.A. Skelton and P.D.A. Harvey. Oxford : Clarendon Press ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986.
LOCATION: Davis Folio -- CALL NUMBER: G1815 .L6 1986

Map Collectors' Series [serial]. London : Map Collectors' Circle, 1963.
LOCATION: Maps Collection -- CALL NUMBER: Z6003 .M3

Nebenzahl, Kenneth, Maps of the Holy Land : images of Terra Sancta through two millennia, New York : Abbeville Press, 1986.
LOCATION: Davis Folio -- CALL NUMBER: G2230 .N33 1986

Peutinger table, Tabula Peutingeriana : Codex Vindobonensis 324. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1976.
LOCATION: Maps Collection Folio -- CALL NUMBER: G1026 .P4 1976

Ptolemy, 2nd cent. Claudii Ptolemaei Cosmographia : Tabulae. Paris : Hier et Demain, 1976.
LOCATION: Maps Collection Folio-2 -- CALL NUMBER: G1005 1976

Santarem, Manuel (Vcte de), Atlas Compose de Mappemondes, de Portulans et de Cartes Hydrographiques depuis le VIe jusqu'au XVIIe Siecle, Paris 1842-1853. Reprint, Amsterdam: R. Muller, 1985.

Shirley, Rodney W., The Mapping of the World : Early Printed World Maps, 1472-1700, London : Holland Press, 1983.
LOCATION: RBC Folio -- CALL NUMBER: Z6002 .S5 1983

Williams, John Welsley and Barbara Shailor, eds., A Spanish Apocalypse: The Morgan Beatus Manuscript, New York, 1991, a facsimile of Morgan MS 644.
 

Bibliographie

Andrews, M.C., The Study and Classification of Medieval MappaMundi, Archeaologia, vol. LXXV, pp. 61-76,1925-26.

Bagrow, Leo, History of Cartography, revised ~ enlarged by R.A. Skelton, Harvard University Press, Londo: C.A. Watts, 1964; republished and enlarged Chicago: Precedent Publishing, 1985, 312pp.

Beazley, C.R., The Dawn of Modern Geography: A History of Exploration and Geographical Science from the Conversion of the Roman Empire to A.D. 900, London, 1949 reprint of 1897-1906 edition, 3 volumes.

Beazley, C.R., New Light on Some Medieval Maps, Geographical Journal 14 (1899): 620-29; 15 (1900): 130-41, 378-89; 16 (1900): 319-329.

Bevan, W.L. & Philot, H.W., Medieval Geography, Hereford Cathedral 1969 reprint of 1873 edition (Hereford Mappemundi).

Bricker, C., Landmarks in Mapmaking, A History of Cartography: 2500 Years of Maps and Mapmakers, Elsvier, Amsterdam, 1968, 276pp.

von den Brinken, Anna-Dorothee, Monumental Legends on Medieval Manuscript Maps, Imago Mundi, 42, 1990, pp. 9-25.

Brown, L.A., The Story of Maps, Little Brown, Boston, 1949, reprint New York: Dover, 1979, 397pp.

Crone, G.R., Maps and Their Makers: An Introduction to the History of Cartography, London: Hutchinson, 1953, 5th ed., Archon Books, 1978,181pp.

Edson, Evelyn, Mapping Time and Space: How Medieval Mapmakers viewed their World, The British Library Studies in Map History, Volume I, 1997, 210pp.

Edson, Evelyn, The Oldest World Maps: Classical Sources of three eighth-century mappaemundi, Ancient World, 24:2, 1993, pp. 169-184.

Freedman, J.B., The Monstrous Races in Medieval Art and Thought, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Harley, J.B & D. Woodward, History of Cartography, Volume One, Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, University of Chicago Press, 1987, 599pp.

Harley, J.B & D. Woodward, History of Cartography, Volume Two, Book One, Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies, University of Chicago Press, 1992, 567pp.

Harley, J.B & D. Woodward, History of Cartography, Volume Two, Book Two, Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies, University of Chicago Press, 1994, 970pp.

Harvey, P.D.A., Medieval Maps, The British Library Board, 1991, 96pp.

Harvey, P.D.A., Mappa Mundi, The Hereford World Map, Hereford Cathedral & British Library, 1996, 58pp.

Kamal, Prince Youssouf, Monumenta Cartographica Africae et Aegypti, Cairo, 5 volumes, 1926-1951.

Kimble, G.H.T., Geography of the Middle Ages, Russell & Russell, N.Y., 1968, 272pp.

Matthew, Donald, Atlas du Moyen Âge ; avant-propos de Philippe Brochard. Paris : Nathan, 1985.
LOCATION: Davis Folio -- CALL NUMBER: CB351 .M29314 1985

Moir, A.L., The World Map in the Hereford Cathedral ,1970, 40pp.

Nakamura, H., East Asia in Old Maps, East-West Center Press, Honolulu/Tokyo, 1964, 84pp.

Nebenzahl, Kenneth, Maps of the Holy Land, Abbeville Press, N.Y., 1986, 164pp.

Newton, A.P.,Travel and Travelers of the Middle Ages, Books for Libraries Press, Inc., N.Y., 1967 reprint of 1926 edition.

Santarem, Manuel (Vcte de), Essai sur l'histoire de la Cosmographie et de la Cartographie pendant le Moyen Age et sur les progrès de la géographie après les grandes découvertes du XV siècle, 3 volumes., Paris: Maulde et Renou, 1849-52.

Schoy, Carl, The Geography of the Moslems of the Middle Ages, Geographical Review, vol.14, 1924, pp.257-269.

Tibbetts, G. R. (Gerald Randall), Arabia in early maps : a bibliography of maps covering the peninsula of Arabia, printed in western Europe from the invention of printing to the year 1751, Naples : Falcon ; New York : Oleander, 1978.
LOCATION: Davis -- CALL NUMBER: Z6027.A57 T5 

Tooley, R.V., Maps and Mapmakers, B.T. Batsford Ltd, London, 1970, (4th edition), 140pp.

Vaughn, Richard, ed., The Illustrated Chronicles of Matthew Paris, Cambridge, 1993.

Williams, John Welsley, Isidore, Orosius and the Beatus Maps, Imago Mundi, 49, 1997.

Woodward, David, Art & Cartography, University of Chicago Press, 1987, 249pp.

Woodward, David, Five Centuries of Map Printing, University of Chicago Press, 1975, 177pp.

Woodward, David, Reality, Sybolism, Time and Space in Medieval World Maps, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 75 (1985):51021.

Woodward, David, The Maps and Prints of Paolo Forlani : a Descriptive Bibliography. Chicago : Newberry Library, 1990.
LOCATION: Davis -- CALL NUMBER: Z6028 .W66 1990

Wright, J.K., The Geographical Lore at the Time of the Crusades: A Study in the History of Medieval Science and Tradition in Western Europe, Dover Publications, 1965 reprint of 1925 edition, 535 pp.
 

Muwasshahat and Kharjas  (Taieb Berrada)

Hitchcock, Richard. (1991a) « Interpreting ‘Romance’ Kharjas ». Studies : 49-59
Article traitant des kharjas rédigées parciellement ou entièrement en dialecte roman. Une attention particulière est accordée au déchiffrage de certains passages.

Jones, Alan. Romance Kharjas in Andalusian Arabic Muwaššah poetry. Ithaca Press London : Oxford University, 1988. 
L’ouvrage porte sur le déchiffrage et l’interprétation d’un grand nombre de kharjas composées dans un dialecte roman. L’étude est faite à partir des manuscrits rédigés en arabe. 

Nykl, A.R. Hispano-Arabic poetry and its relations with the old troubadours. Baltimore. Reprint : New York : The hispanic Society of America, 1946. 
Ouvrage de référence qui aborde les influences arabes sur la poésie lyrique des premiers troubadours. L’étude est exhaustive. Incontournable.  

Stern, Samuel Miklos. Les chansons mozarabes: Les vers finaux (kharjas) en
espagnol dans les muwashshahs arabes et hébreux.  Palermo: U. Manfredi,
1953; repr. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer, 1964. 
Après sa découverte et le déchiffrage partielle des kharjas romanes, Stern publie un livre d’introduction au sujet. Présentation sommaire du muwashshah, du zajal et des kharjas.
Hispano-Arabic strophic poetry. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1974. 
Etude approfondie sur le muwashshah, le zajal et les kharjas. L’ouvrage aborde différents aspects de la poésie arabo-andalouse tels que ses origines, sa nature, sa structure etc. Incontournable.

Zwartjes, Otto. Love Songs from al-Andalus: History, Structure, and
Meaning of the Kharja.  Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997. 
L’ouvrage est une grande synthèse des différentes thèses et polémiques sur le sujet. Il aborde un grand nombre d’aspects du muwashshah mais également des autres formes de poésie et présente les parallélismes avec la poésie romane. Incontournable pour tous ceux qui veulent approfondir leur connaissance en la matière.
 

Mozarabic architexture in Spain and in France  (Valérie Pruvost)

Arenas, José Fernández.  Mozarabic Architecture.  Greenwich: New York Graphic 
Society Ltd., 1972
A very complete guide on Mozarabic architecture, written in German, French, English and Spanish.  Provides numerous pictures and examples. 

---.  Regard sur l’art mozarabe.  Paris: Société Française du Livre, 1978.  
A reiteration of Arenas’ previous book.  Provides concise information on Mozarabic architecture.

Bevan, Bernard.  History of Spanish Architecture.  Mayfair: B.T. Batsford, Ltd., 1938
A concise history of Architecture in Spain; very complete: Roman architecture, Vigigothic architecture, Muhammadan architecture, Romanesque, Gothic, Mudéjar architecture amongst others. 

Camps Cazorla, Emilio.  Arquitectura califal y mozarabe.  Madrid: Misiones de 
Arquitectura, 1929.

Clute, Eugene, Ed.  Masterpieces of Spanish Architecture.  Library of Architectural 
Documents.  Vol. IV.  New York: The Pencil Points Press, Inc., 1925.
This work provides one hundred plates of Spanish monuments. 

Dodds, Jerrilynn D.  Architecture and Ideology in Early Medieval Spain.  University 
Park: The Pennsylvania  State UP, 1990.
This book is mostly concerned with Visigothic and Roman architecture.

Goodwin, Godfrey.  Islamic Spain.  San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1990.
This is a brief guide on Spain and its buildings, not necessarily Mozarabic.  It is part of the architectural guides for travellers.

Gómez-Moreno, M.  Iglesias Mozárabes: Arte Español de Los Siglos IX a XI.  Vols. I 
and II.  Madrid: Centro de Estudios Históricos, 1919.
These are two volumes of drawn pictures of the Mozarabic columns, as well as explanations of Mozarabic architecture.

Fontaine, Jacques.  L’art préroman hispanique, 2: l’art Mozarabe.  La Pierre-qui-Vire: 
Zodiaque, 1977.  
Background source: descriptions, examples, pictures of Mozarabic churches.  Similar to Arenas.  Very specific.

Hoag, John.  Western Islamic Architecture.  New York: George Braziller, 1963.
  A broad history of  Islamic architecture (in North Africa, Spain and Turkey.

Lafora, Carlos R.  Andanzas en Torno al Lagado Mozarabe.  Madrid: Ediciones 
Encuentro, 1991.
Provides good examples of Mozarabic architecture in Europe; demosntrates all the churches that have a Mozarabic tradition.

Lavedan, P.  Deux notes archéologiques: Une nouvelle église mozarabe en France.  Paris: 
Mélanges Félix Grat, 1946.    

Lopez, David Gustavo.  San Miguel de Escalada: joya del mozarabe leons.  Leon: 
Edilesa, 1977.

Puig y Cadafalch, Jose.  L’architecture mozarabe dans les Pyrénées méditéranéennes: 
Saint Michel de Cuxa.  Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1938.

---.  L’art wisigothique et ses survivances. Paris: F. de Nobele, 1961.
Provides examples of different types of architecture in Europe during the Middle Ages.  Gives more details about the influences of Mozarabic architecture in the South of France.

---.  La frontière septentrionale de l’art mozarabe.  CRAI, 1943.  P. 352-858

---.  Le premier art roman, l’architecture en Catalogne et dans l’Occident méditéranéen 
aux Xe et Xie siècles.  Paris: H. Laurens, 1928.
Gives solid background on Mozarabic architecture and art.  Also gives possible reasons as to their influence in France.

Regueras, Fernando.  La arquitectura mozarabe en Leon y Castilla.  Valladolid: Junta de 
Castilla y Leon, Consejeria de Cultura y Bienestar Social, 1990.

Yarwood, Doreen.  The Architecture of Europe: The Middle Ages, 650-1550. Vol.2  
London: B.T. Batsford Ltd, 1992.    
Provides an array of architectural styles from the churches built during the Middle Ages. 

Audiovisuels

Later Moslem architecture and its effect in the north. (MacLaurin, Robert)  Newport, R.I.: 
Budek Films and Slides, 1968.

Romanesque architecture of the pilgrimage route of Northen Spain.  Santa Barbara: 
Visual Education, 1975.

Mozarabic Art.  New York: Goldsmith’s Music.
 

Spices in the Middle Ages  (Jennifer DeVille)

Aubaile-Sallenave, Françoise.  Parfums d’Orient.  Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’étude de la  civilisation du Moyen Orient (GECMO), 1998.

---.  “Parfums, épices et condiments dans l’alimentation arabe médiévale.”  Manuela Marín et David Waines, éds.  La alimentación en las culturas islámicas.  Madrid: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, 1994.  217-4-249.
Voici un article deAubaile-Sallenave qui est à la fois informatif et compréhensif.  Son style est très clair et bien organisé.

---.  “Safran de joie, safran interdit.  Une étude sociale et religieuse chez les Musulmans.”  
Ferre, Ayuso et Cano, éds.  La ciencia en la España medieval.  Grenade: Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, 1992.  39-64.
Cet article est essentiel pour quelqu’un qui s’intéresse au safran.

Benavides-Barajas, L.  Al-Andalus: La cocina y su historia.  Motril: Dulcinea, 1992.
Voici un livre de cuisine très intéressant dans lequel l’auteur mélange des informations historiques et politiques.  [en espagnol].

Chebel, Malek.  “Safran.”  Dictionnaire des symboles musulmans: Rites, mystique et civilisation.  Paris: Albin Michel, 1995.  370.

“Épice.”  Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Moyen Age, tome 1.  André Vauchez, éd.  Paris: Cerf, 1997.  531.

Favier, Jean.  De l’or et des épices: Naissance de l’homme d’affaires au Moyen Age.  Paris: Fayard, 1995.

Flandrin, Jean-Louis.  “Seasoning, Cooking, and Dietetics in the Late Middle Ages.”  Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present.  Jean-Louis Flandrin et Massimo 
Montanari, éds.  New York: Columbia UP, 1999.  313-327.

García-Sánchez, Expiración.  “La consommation des épices et des plantes aromatiques en al-Andalus”.  Médiévales 33 (automne 1997), 41-53.
Voici un autre article de base dans lequel l’auteur étudie des traités culinaires et botaniques, aussi bien que des hisba.

Guyot, Lucien.  Les Épices.  Paris:  PUF, 1972.  

Marín, Manuela.  “Beyond Taste: the complements of colour and smell in the medieval Arab culinary tradition.”  Culinary Cultures of the Middle East.  Sami Zubaida et Richard Tapper, éds.  London: I.B. Tauris, 1994.  205-214.

Pierrein, Louis.  “Commerce traditionnel de Marseille: les herbes, drogues et épices.”  
Herbes, drogues et épices en Méditerranée:  Histoire, Anthropologie, Économie du Moyen Age à nos jours.  Actes de la Table Ronde de l’Institut de Recherches 
Méditerranéennes et de la Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Marseille.  Paris: CNRS, 1988.  11-14.

Lagardère, Vincent.  “Cépages, raisin et vin en al-Andalus (Xe-Xve siècles)”.  Médiévales 33 (automne 1997), 81-90.

Laurioux, Bruno.  La civilisation du Moyen Age en France: Xie-Xve siècles.  Paris: Nathan, 1998.

---.  Le Moyen Age à table.  Paris:  Adam Biro, 1989.

---.  “Medieval Cooking.”  Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present.  Jean-
Louis Flandrin et Massimo Montanari, éds.  New York: Columbia UP, 1999.  295-301.

---.  Le Règne de Taillevent: Livres et pratiques culinaires à la fin du Moyen Age.  Paris: 
Publications de la Sorbonne, 1997.

Redon, Odile, Françoise Sabban et Silvano Serventi.  “Histories and Tales from the Kitchen.” The Medieval Kitchen: Recipes from France and Italy.  Edward Schneider, trans.  Chicago:  U of Chicago Press, 1998.  1-33.

Rosenberger, Bernard.  “Arab Cuisine and its Contribution to European Culture.”  Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present.  Jean-Louis Flandrin et Massimo Montanari, éds.  New York: Columbia UP, 1999.  207-223.
Tous les articles dans ce livre sont intéressants; celui-ci met en évidence le multiculturalisme au Moyen Age.

Rowley, Anthony.  Les Français à table: atlas historique de la gastronomie française.
Dans ce livre, on trouve une partie très informative sur les épices, surtout le safran, en France.

Schivelbusch, Wolfgang.  “Spices, or the Dawn of the Modern Age.”  Tastes of Paradise: A Social History of Spices, Stimulants, and Intoxicants.  David Jacobson, trans.  New York: Pantheon, 1992.  3-14.

Scully, Terence.  The Art of Cookery in the Middle Ages.  Woodbridge (UK): Boydell, 1995.

Thibaut-Comelade, Eliane.  La table médiévale des Catalans.  Montpellier: Les Presses du Languedoc, 1995.
Il y a une section sur les épices dans ce livre qui est assez détaillée.

Verdon. Jean.  Vivre en France au Moyen Age.  Genève: Editions Liber, 1996.

Watson, Andrew M.  “Arab and European Agriculture in the Middle Ages: A Case of Restricted Diffusion.”  Agriculture in the Middle Ages: Technology, Practice, and Representation.  Del Sweeney, éd.  Philadelphia:  U of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.  62-75.
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Course Description:

In this class, we will examine the cultural, literary and artistic relations between the East (defined for the purposes of the course as the Arab Andalusian world) and the West (France and Anglo-Norman England), between Islam, Judaism and Christianity, in the eleventh and twelfth century. We will begin by addressing theoretical and critical issues essential to studying the medieval period in general and multiculturalism in the Middle Ages in particular. We will then turn our attention to 2 main genres: The epic tradition, and the fable genre in order better to understand the complex dynamics of power and seduction between the East and the West, as well as the cultural and literary lineage of medieval French textuality. When reading and discussing each of the 2 genres, we will read the French texts in parallel to medieval Arabic cultural and literary material in translation.

There are two main objectives in this class: One is (as the title of the course indicates) to read and analyze medieval texts in their inherently intertextual and multicultural context; second to develop both a method to read medieval literary material and tools of research to use when working with medieval textuality.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 


I. General Bibliography: Amin, Samir. L’eurocentrisme. Critique d’une idéologie. Paris: Anthropos, 1988. (The first 150 pages of this book are essential reading for the medievalist. Amin presents a socio-political description of the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages and the gradual loss of its position of power starting in the 16th century).

Anawati, Georges. Polémique, apologie et dialogue Islamo-chrétiens. Positions classiques médiévales et positions contemporaines. Rome, 1969.

---. ed.. Islam e Cristianesmo: L'Incontro tra due culture nell' Occidente medievale. Milan, 1994. (Edited volume of essays on medieval views towards Islam, following conference held in Cairo in 1990 by scholars from the Pontificio Institute de Studi Arabi e Islamici; includes an excellent bibliography).

Al-Azmeh, Aziz. "Barbarians in Arab Eyes." Past and Present 134 (1992): 3-18.

Aramco World Magazine 44.1 (1993): 2-41. (Special issue on al-Andalus).

Barkai, Ron. Cristianos y musulmanos en al Espana medieval (el enemigo en el espejo). 2nd ed. Madrid: Ediciones Rialp, 1991.

Blanks, David, ed. Images of the Other: Europe and the Muslim World Before 1700. Cairo: American University of Cairo Press, 1997. (articles from conference on "Cross-Cultural Encounters in the Mediterranean" in 1996 at AUC. These include articles on French, English and Spanish literatures, on juridiction, religion and relations with Byzantium).

Blanks, David R. & Frassetto, Michael. Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Perceptions of Other. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. (The first chapter of this edited volume of essays is valuable for its bibliographical focus; the remaining chapters address the paradoxical and complex interweaving in Western views of Islam, defined as the Saracen then the Turk, of hostility and seduction, aggression and admiration from the 10th through the 16th centuries).

Bulliet, Richard. "Orientalism and Medieval Islamic Studies." In John Van Engen, The Past and Future of Medieval Studies. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994. 94-104. (Extremely useful background on the status of Islamic studies in the US, and value of the field for a 21st century curriculum).

Burnett, Charles. The Introduction of Arabic Learning into England. The Panizzi Lectures. London: The British Library, 1997.

Cardaillac, L., ed. Tolède, XIIe-XIIIe. Musulmans, chrétiens et juifs: Le savoir et la tolérance. Paris, 1991.

Constable, Olivia Remie. Medieval Iberia. Readings from Christian, Muslim and Jewish Sources. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.

Cross Cultural Convergences in the Crusader Period: Essays Presented to Aryeh Grabois on his sixty-fifith Birthday. New York: Peter Lang, 1995.

Daniel, Norman. The Arabs and Medieval Europe. London: Longman, 1975.

---. Islam and the West: The Making of an Image. Edimburgh: Edimburgh UP, 1960. Rev. ed., Oxford: Oneworld, 1993.

Djaït, Hichem. L'Europe et l'Islam. Paris: Seuil, 1978.

Dozy, Reinhart P.A. Histoire des Musulmans d'Espagne, jusqu'à la conquête de l'Andalousie par les Almoravides, 711-1110. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1861.

Fletcher, Richard. Moorish Spain. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

Gervers, M. & Bikhazi, R., eds. Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian Communities in Islamic Lands, Eighth to Eighteenth Centuries. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990.

Glick, Thomas. Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1979.

---. From Christian Fortress to Christian Castle: Social and Cultural Change in Medieval Spain. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1995.

Glick, Thomas, Vivian Mann et Jerrillyn Dodds, éds. Convivencia: Jews, Muslims and Christians in Medieval Spain. NY: G. Braziller, 1992.

Hourani, Albert. Islam in European Thought and Other Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991.

Hunke, Sigrid. Le soleil d'Allah brille sur l'Occident. Notre héritage arabe. Trans. Solange et Georges de Lalène. Paris: Albin Michel, 1963.

Jayyusi, Salma Khadra, ed. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1992. (Proceedings of scholars' conference in Granada, 1991).

Jones, Catherine E. Islamic Spain and Our Heritage: Al-Andalus, 711-1492 A.D. Middle East Outreach Council, 1996. (Booklet on Muslim Spain intended for students and teachers alike who wish to include an Andalusian component to their classes. Extremely useful survey of the history of Islamic Spain followed by the European cultural heritage in areas of food and agriculture, science, technology, the arts, language and literature. This short book also includes a bibliography and a list of useful audio-visual aids for teaching. This extremely useful teaching aid must be purchased directly from the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Texas, Austin).

Kabbani, Rana. Europe's Myths of Orient. Devise and Rule. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1986.

Kassis, Hanna. "The Arabicization and Islamization of the Christians of al-Andalus: Evidence of their Scriptures." In Brann-Ross & David Owen, eds. Languages of Power in Islamic Spain. Bethesda, MD: CDL, 1997.

Lasater, Alice. Spain to England. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1974. (Discusses the spread of Arabic learning from Spain to England).

Lévi-Provençal, Evariste. Islam d'Occident: Etudes d'histoire médiévale. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1948.

---. La Civilisation arabe en Espagne: Vue générale. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1948.

---. Histoire de l'Espagne musulmane. 3 vols. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1950. (Still a classic on the subject).

---. Conférences sur l'Espagne musulmane prononcées à la Faculté des Lettres en 1947 et 1948. Publications de la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université Farouk Ier d'Alexandrie. Le Caire: Imprimerie Nationale, 1951.
 
 

Libéra, Alain de. Penser au Moyen Age. Paris: Seuil, 1991. Medieval Feminist Newsletter 16 (Fall 1993). (Entire issue dedicated to "Multiculturalism in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance").

Menéndez Pidal, Ramón. La Espana del Cid. 4e édition. 2 vols. Madrid: Espassa-Calpe, 1947.

Menocal, Maria Rosa. The Arabic Role in Medieval Literary History: A Forgotten Heritage. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania UP, 1987. (The first 2 chapters give a historiographic background on the role the Andalus has played on the introduction of learning into Europe and the western resistance to its semitic heritage. The rest of the book includes an extremely chapter on the Courtly love debate and another on the muwasshahat)

Metlitzki, Dorothee. The Matter of Araby in Medieval England. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977.

Monroe, James. Islam and the Arabs in Spanish Scholarship (Sixteenth Century to the Present). Leiden: Brill, 1970.

Peterson, Toby. "The Arab Influence on Western European Cooking." Journal of Medieval History 6.3 (1980): 317-40.
 
 

Powell, James, ed. Muslims under Latin Rule, 1100-1300. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1990. Ricapito, Joseph V. "Al-Andalus and the Origins of the Renaissance in Europe." Indiana Journal of Hispanic Literatures 8 (Spring 1996): 55-74. Richard, Jean. Orient et Occident au Moyen Age. Norfolk: Variorum Reprints, 1976. Rodinson, Maxime. Europe and the Mystique of Islam. (Fr. La Fascination de l'Islam) Trans. Roger Veinus. Seattle: Distributed by The University of Washington Press, 1987.

Samarrai, Alauddin. "The Term 'fief': A Possible Arabic Origin." Studies in Medieval Culture 4.1 (1973): 78-82.

Said, Edward. Orientalism. Vintage Books. New York: Random House, 1978. (The introduction of this classic is sufficient to give students a historical sense of the politically charged focus of any study on the Orient and the Arab world today).

Seeman, Khalil, ed. Islam and The Medieval West: Aspects of Intercultural Relations. New York: SUNY Press, 1980. Repr. Boulder, Colo: Netlibrary, Inc, 1999. (Papers presented at the 9th annual conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, SUNY at Binghampton).

Smith, Colin, ed. Christians and Moors in Spain. Vol. 1: 711-1150; vol. 2: 1195-1614; vol. 3: Arabic Sources 711-1501 eds. Charles Melville and Ahmad Ubaydli. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips, 1988-1993. (Primary Arabic, Latin and Spanish sources on relations between Christians and Moors in Spain in convenient face to face translations).

Southern, R.W. Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1962.

Tolan, John. Petrus Alfonsi and His Medieval Readers. Tampa: University of Florida Press, 1993. (Focuses on Petrus Alfonsi's transmission of Arabic science and literature to the the Latin West).

---, ed. Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam. A Book of Essays. Garland Medieval Casebooks vol. 10. New York: Garland, 1996.

Vernet, Juan. La cultura hispanoárabe en Oriente y Occidente. Barcelona: Editorial Ariel, 1978.

---. El Islam y Europa. Barcelona: Ediciones El Abir, S.A, 1982.

Watt, Montgomery. A History of Islamic Spain. Edimburgh: Edimburgh UP, 1965.

---. Muslim-Christian Encounters: Perceptions and Misperceptions. London: Routledge, 1991.
 
 
 

  II. Astronomy (Nancy Wilson) Dallal, Ahmad S., Ed. and Translator. An Islamic Response to Greek Astronomy. New York: E. J. Brill, 1995.

Includes the original Arabic text with translation and commentary. Discusses how Sadr al-Shari'a al-Thani refined Greek (Ptolemaic) astronomy. Although not directly treating cultural diversity, this book shows how discoveries in different cultures built upon each other (and how the Arab world was able to improve Greek astronomy).

Delambre, M. Histoire de l’Astronomie du Moyen Age. 1819. New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1965.

A look at medieval astronomy from the 18th century. Not very objective. Not very useful for cultural diversity studies.

Goldstein, B. R. Theory and Observation in Ancient and Medieval Astronomy. London: Variorum Reprints, 1985.

This book looks at ancient astronomy, the theories of medieval astronomy, the observations and instruments used in the Middle Ages (including a Hispano-Arabic astrolobe), and astronomy in the Jewish communities of the Middle Ages. Very useful, especially in showing the relationships between Hebrew/Jewish and Arabic astronomy.

Heinen, Anton M. Islamic Cosmology. Beirut: Orient Institut der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1982. 

This study of As-Suyuti's al-Hay'a as-saniya fi l-hay'a as-sunniya gives some insight into various Islamic astronomer's writings and looks at some of the scientific interests of Islam in the early stages. Useful overview of Islamic cosmology, but not very useful for cultural diversity studies. 

Hyman, Arthur, Translation and Commentary. Averroes on the Substance of the Celestial Sphere: Critical Edition of the Hebrew Text with English Translation and Commentary. Massachusetts: Medieval Academy of America, 1986.

A critical edition of Averroes' De Substantia Obris. Not very useful.

King, David A. Astronomy in the Service of Islam. Vermont: Variorum, 1993.

Includes very interesting information concerning the relationship between medieval astronomy and Islam. Cultural diversity is not the main focus.

McCluskey, Stephen C. Astronomies and Cultures in Early Medieval Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

McCluskey covers the importance of astronomy in different cultures (from early Christianity, Celtic/Irish, Roman, etc.) and then discusses the encounter of Arabic and Latin astronomies. Useful.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Revised Edition. New York: State University of New York Press, 1993.

Nasr emphasizes the important role of the universe/cosmology in the Islamic faith and belief structure. No cultural diversity topics covered.

Netton, Ian Richard. Allah Transcendent: Studies in the Structure and Semiotics of Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Cosmology. New York: Routledge, 1989.

Mainly an intro to Islamic theological theory, this book does, however, offer some chapters on the cosmological aspects of the early islamic faith.

Samsó, Julio. Islamic Astronomy and Medieval Spain. Vermont: Variorum, 1994. Interesting combination of articles covering the influence and survival of Andalusian astronomy and Latin astronomy. This work might not be accessible to all readers, as the texts appear in Spanish and English. Somewhat useful. Thurston, Hugh. Early Astronomy. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994. Useful as an overview of the history of astronomy as different groups or periods produced new discoveries and advances. I found it strange that Thurston only conceded six pages to "Arabic Astronomy" (and even here, some of the "highlights" are the arabic translations of Greek texts.) Helpful in that this work is easy to read (not too scientific/mathematical). Tihon, Anne. Études d’Astronomie Byzantine. Vermont: Variorum, 1994. More of a scientific book, it examines astronomical tables used in the East, mainly in the Byzantine Empire. Cultural diversity is not its main focus
III. Averroes (Christine Clay) "Aquinas, Saint Thomas." Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. CD-ROM. Microsoft, 1999. 

"Averroès, 1126-1198: Aristote réinventé." Bibliothèque Nationale de France. 16 Mar 2000. <http://www.bnf.fr/web-bnf/pedagos/dossitsm/b-averro.htm>

A short overview of his philosophical doctrines with links to related topics.

Fakhry, Majid. A History of Islamic Philosophy. New York: Columbia UP, 1970.

A helpful chapter on "Ibn Rushd and the defense of Aristotelianism".

Leaman, Oliver. Averroes and his philosophy. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1988.

A more in-depth, though not overly difficult, discussion of the topic.

Lerner, Ralph and Muhsin Mahdi, eds. Medieval Political Philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell,

1963.

Gives the entire text of one of Averroes treatises on religion and philosophy (Fasl al-maqal), in English, with introduction.  Marmura, Michael E. "Rushd, Ibn (Averroës)." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Joseph

R. Strayer, ed. New York: Scribner, 1989.

A good place to start. Offers a general review of his life, works, philosophy and influence. Turner, Willian. "Averroes." The Catholic Encyclopedia. 1999 online edition.

The Catholic Encyclopedia 1913 edition. 16 Mar 2000.

<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen>

The information is not at all recent, but it offers an interesting, if somewhat hostile, perspective on Averroes’ doctrines.  Urvoy, Dominique. Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Trans. Olivia Stewart. New York: 

Routledge, 1991.

A straightforward, readable introduction to his life and works. Good for the amateur because it is not overly philosophical.
  IV. Les épices au Moyen Age (Jennifer DeVille) Aubaile-Sallenave, Françoise. Parfums d’Orient. Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’étude de la civilisation du Moyen Orient (GECMO), 1998.

---. "Parfums, épices et condiments dans l’alimentation arabe médiévale" dans Manuela Marín et David Waines, éds. La alimentación en las culturas islámicas. Madrid: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, 1994. 217-4-249.

---. "Safran de joie, safran interdit. Une étude sociale et religieuse chez les Musulmans" dans Dolores Ferre et María José Cano, éds. La ciencia en la España medieval. Grenade: Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, 1992. 39-64.

Benavides-Barajas, L. Al-Andalus: La cocina y su historia. Motril: Dulcinea, 1992. "Épice" dans le Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Moyen Age, tome 1. André Vauchez, éd. Paris: Cerf, 1997. 531.

Favier, Jean. De l’or et des épices: Naissance de l’homme d’affaires au Moyen Age. Paris: Fayard, 1995.

Flandrin, Jean-Louis. "Seasoning, Cooking, and Dietetics in the Late Middle Ages" dans Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present. Jean-Louis Flandrin et Massimo Montanari, éds. New York: Columbia UP, 1999. 313-327.

García-Sánchez, Expiración. "La consommation des épices et des plantes aromatiques en al-Andalus". Médiévales 33 (automne 1997), 41-53.

Guyot, Lucien. Les Épices. Paris: PUF, 1972.  Marín, Manuela. "Beyond Taste: the complements of colour and smell in the medieval Arab culinary tradition" dans Culinary Cultures of the Middle East. Sami Zubaida et Richard Tapper, éds. London: I.B. Tauris, 1994. 205-214.

Pierrein, Louis. "Commerce traditionnels de Marseille: les herbes, drogues et épices" dans Herbes, drogues et épices en Méditerranée: Histoire, Anthropologie, Économie du Moyen Age à nos jours. Actes de la Table Ronde de l’Institut de Recherches Méditerranéennes et de la Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Marseille. Paris: CNRS, 1988. 11-14.

Lagardère, Vincent. "Cépages, raisin et vin en al-Andalus (Xe-Xve siècles)". Médiévales 33 (automne 1997), 81-90.

Laurioux, Bruno. La civilisation du Moyen Age en France: Xie-Xve siècles. Paris: Nathan, 1998.

---. Le Moyen Age à table. Paris: Adam Biro, 1989. ---. "Medieval Cooking" dans Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present. Jean-Louis Flandrin et Massimo Montanari, éds. New York: Columbia UP, 1999. 295-301.

---. Le Règne de Taillevent: Livres et pratiques culinaires à la fin du Moyen Age. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1997.

Redon, Odile, Françoise Sabban et Silvano Serventi. "Histories and Tales from the Kitchen" dans The Medieval Kitchen: Recipes from France and Italy. Edward Schneider, trans. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1998. 1-33.

Rosenberger, Bernard. "Arab Cuisine and its Contribution to European Culture" dans Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present. Jean-Louis Flandrin et Massimo Montanari, éds. New York: Columbia UP, 1999. 207-223.

Schivelbusch, Wolfgang. "Spices, or the Dawn of the Modern Age" dans Tastes of Paradise: A Social History of Spices, Stimulants, and Intoxicants. David Jacobson, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1992. 3-14.

Scully, Terence. The Art of Cookery in the Middle Ages. Woodrbridge (UK): Boydell, 1995.

Watson, Andrew M. "Arab and European Agriculture in the Middle Ages: A Case of Restricted Diffusion" dans Agriculture in the Middle Ages: Technology, Practice, and Representation. Del Sweeney, éd. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. 62-75.