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ÅƤ˳Ѥ½¤Î3ǯ¸å1875ǯ¤Ë¤ÏΩÇɤÊËÜ¡Ê¥Ò¥¨¥í¥°¥é¥Õ¤È¥Ò¥¨¥é¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡Ë¤Ë¤·¤Æ½ÐÈǤ·¡¢Æ±Ç¯¤Ë¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å¤¬¡ÖA History of Egypt under the Pharaohs¡×¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÁá®°úÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤ì¤«¤é135ǯ·Ð¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¹¡£»ä¤Ï¡Ö¹Í¾Ú¡§¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤ÎÃæ¤Î¡Öleprosy¡×¡×¤òÅ»¤á¤ë¤Ù¤¯¡Ö»ñÎÁ¸Ë¡×¤òºî¤Ã¤ÆÀ°Íý¤·¤«¤±¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ÎÉ´¿ô½½Ç¯´Ö¤Ë¥¨¥¸¥×¥È³Ø¡¢Îò»Ë¡¢¡Ö¥Ï¥ó¥»¥óÉ¡פʤɤÎÀìÌç²È¤¬¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ÎΩ¾ì¤«¤é¼¹É®¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤ò½ÐÍè¤ë¤À¤±½¸¤á¤Æ¡Ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¾å¤È¤¤¤¦À©Ìó¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡ËǯÂå½ç¤Ëʤ٤ÆÆɤó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤Àµ¤¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¡¢¤È¤À¤¤¤Ö·Ð¤Ã¤Æ¤«¤é»×¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢100ǯÁ°¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤È¡¢2ǯÁ°¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤È¤ò¡¢Æ±Îó¤Ëʤ٤ÆÆɤó¤Ç¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¡¢¤Þ¤¢Åö¤¿¤êÁ°¤Î¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¦¡¦¡¦¡£

13ǯÁ°¡¢1997ǯ¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿John Francis NunnÃø¡ÖAncient Egyptian Medicine¡×¤È¤½¤ÎÍâǯ¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿Stephen Carpenter et.al.Ãø¡ÖTHE EBERS PAPYRUS¡×¤¬Áí¤Þ¤È¤áŪ¤Ë¹×¸¥¤·¤¿³Ø¼Ô̾¤Ê¤É¤ò¶µ¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç½ÅÊõ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡¢¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¦¤«±Ì¤ì¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬³Îǧ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤«¤é¡£

²¿¿Í¤â¤Î³Ø¼Ô¤¬±ÑÌõ¡¢ÆÈÌõ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢½½Ê¬¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬Ìµ¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¼Â¤Ï½ÐÍè¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤ËÀ½Ëܤ˻ê¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤È¤«¡¢Æþ¼ê¤¬º¤Æñ¤ò¶Ë¤á¤ë¤È¤«¤Ç¡£Nunn¤À¤±¤¬¡ÖParagraph 856a¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ê°úÍѤò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¤´Ëܿͤ¬Çò¾õ¤Ê¤µ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀ½ËܤޤǤµ¤ì¤¿¤Î¤ËÈÎÇä¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ë¾è¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿Ghaliounghui¤ÎËܤΥ³¥Ô¡¼¤ò¿Í¤ò²ð¤·¤ÆGhaliounghui¤Î̤˴¿Í¤«¤é¼ÚÍѤ·¤Æ²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Û¤É¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£

¤½¤ÎGhaliounghui¤Î±ÑÌõ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¡Öwekhedu¡×¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ÆÍÁ³·ëÏÀ¤Ã¤Ý¤¤¤³¤È¤ØÈô¤Ó¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢S.G.Browne»á¤Î°ìÀ᤬ŷÍè¤Î²»³Ú¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÌĤê¶Á¤­»Ï¤á¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡¦¡¦¡¦

¡Ö¥¨¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡ÊEbers¡Ë¤Î¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡Êµª¸µÁ°Ìó°ì¸Þ¸Þ¡»Ç¯¡Ë¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¥¦¥±¥É¥¦¡ÊUchedu<Ukhedu>¤È¥Á¥ç¥ó¡ÊChon¡Ë¤Î¤Ï¤ì¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¢º£Æü¤Ç¤Ï¤é¤¤¤È´ÕÄꤹ¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤Þ¤ê¤Ë¤âÇùÁ³¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ÈȽÃǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤â¤Ã¤È¤â¤³¤ÎÎÅË¡¤Î¼ê°ú¤­¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÃÇÊÒŪ¤Ê¾É¾õ¤ÎÉÁ¼Ì¤Ï¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤é¤¤¤Î¿ÇÃǤËÁ´¤¯¤¢¤Æ¤Ï¤Þ¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤â¤¤¤¨¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¡×

¤³¤Îʸ¾Ï¤ÏNunn¤Î16ǯÁ°¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Nunn¤Ïwekhedu¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆŤ¤²òÀâ¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÅÓÃ椫¤éÍîÃú¤È¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤·¤«¤·¡Öleprosy¡×¤Ï½Ð¤Æ¤­¤½¤¦¤Ë¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¡Ö¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡Öleprosy¡×¤È¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤ÎËÜÂΤϼ¤ÏS.G.Browne»á¤¬³åÇˤ·¤¿Ä̤ê¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£¾è¤ê¤«¤«¤Ã¤¿Á¥¤Ç¤¹¡¢Nunn¤Î¡ÖAncient Egyptian Medicine¡×¤ò¥¢¥Þ¥¾¥ó¤ÇȯÃí¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¥Ú¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¤ÎÃæ¸Å¤À¤ÈÁ÷ÎÁ¹þ¤ß¤Ç1500±ß¤¯¤é¤¤¤ÇÇ㤨¤Þ¤¹¡¢2½µ´Ö¤Û¤ÉÂÔ¤¿¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡£°ì̲¤ê¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¿¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡¦¡¦¡¦^^


 		 

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  ºòÆü¡Ö¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤È¡Ö¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤ò¸«Èæ¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ºòÆü½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ïµ¤ÉÕ¤«¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¸å¤Ç¤½¤ì¤È¤Ê¤¯Ashraf Alexandre SadekÃø¡ÖSome Aspects of Medicine in Pharonic Egypt¡×¤Î¡Ö¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤Î½ê¤òÆɤó¤Ç¤¤¤Æ¡¢¡Ö¤ó¡ª¡×¤ÈÁ®¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤ª¤«¤·¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤ò»×¤¤½Ð¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£Æɤó¤Ç¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ï¤³¤ó¤Ê¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¹¡¦¡¦¡¦

¡ÖThe papyrus deals with general medical cases and offers some similarities with some texts of Papyrus Ebers.¡×¡Ê¡Ä¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤Îʸ¾Ï¤È¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÎà»÷ÅÀ¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤ë¡Ë

¤½¤¦¤¤¤¨¤Ð¤¢¤Á¤é¤³¤Á¤é¤ÇÌܤˤ·¤¿¤¾¡¦¡¦¡¦¤Èµ¤ÉÕ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£Warren R. DawsonÃø¡ÖMagician and Leech¡×¡Ê78¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ç¤¹¡Ë¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤Î¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤³¤¦½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¦¡¦¡¦

¡ÖAmongst these is a duplicate of £á long passage in the Ebers Papyus dealing with the heart and its vessels.¡×¡Ê¡Ä¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤ÎÃæ¤ÎŤ¤°ìÀá¤Îž¼Ì¤¬¤¢¤ë¡Ë

¡Ö¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤Ï¡Ö¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤ÎÌó300ǯÁ°¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¤Û¤Ü³Î¤«¤Ç¤¹¡£Â¾¤Î¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤«¤é¤Î°ìÉôž¼Ì¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¤¢¤êÆÀ¤ëÏäǤϤʤ¤¤«¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦¤½¤·¤Æ¸«ÉÕ¤±¤Þ¤·¤¿¡ª

John Francis NunnÃø¡ÖAncient Egyptian Medicine¡×¡Ê31¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ÎÊý¤Ç¤¹¡Ë¤Î¡Ö¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤Î¹à¤Ë¤Ë¥Ï¥Ã¥­¥ê¤³¤¦½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£

¡ÖParagraph 856a states that:

¡¡¡¡¡¡The book of driving wekhedu from all the limbs of a man was found in writings
¡¡¡¡¡¡under the two feet of Anubis in Letopolis
¡¡¡¡¡¡and was brought to the majesty of the king of Upper and Lower Egypt Den (First Dynasty).¡×

»ä¤ÎƬ¤Ï¤³¤ó¤°¤é¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤³¤ì¤òºÇ½é¤ËÆɤó¤À¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢¤À¤«¤é¡Ö¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤ÎÃæ¤Ë»÷¤¿Ê¸¾Ï¤¬Í­¤Ã¤¿»ö¤ò»×¤¤½Ð¤»¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£Heinrich Karl BrugschÃø¡ÖA History of Egypt under the Pharaohs¡×¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï¡Ö¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤Î°ìÀᤫ¤é¤Î°úÍÑ¡ÊThis is what the text says on this subject.¡Ë¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¤³¤¦½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡¦¡¦¡¦¾å¤Îʸ¾Ï¤È¤ÎÎà»÷¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡This is the beginning of the collection of receipts for curing leprosy. It was discovered in a very ancient papyrus enclosed in a writing-case,
¡¡¡¡¡¡under the feet (of a statue) of the god Anoobis, in the town of Sochem¡Ê¡áLetopolis¡Ë,
¡¡¡¡¡¡at the time of the reign of his majesty the defunct king Sapti¡Ê¡áDen¡Ë.


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1875ǯ¤ËHeinrich Karl Brugsch¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¡ÖA History of Egypt under the Pharaohs¡×¤Ë¡Öthe great medical papyrus¡×¤È¸À¤¦É½¸½¤Ç¡Ö¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡ÊBerlin 3038¡Ë¡×¤¬¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£º£È½ÌÀ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¸Â¤ê¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤¬¡Öleprosy¡×¤ò°·¤Ã¤¿Í£°ì¤Î¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¡Öleprosy¡×¤Î½èÊýäµ½¸¤¬Í­¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤³¤¦µ­½Ò¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¡Ê¤³¤Î¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤Î¥É¥¤¥Ä¸ìÌõ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¤¬Æþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡Ë

'This is the beginning of the collection of receipts for curing leprosy. It was discovered in a very ancient papyrus enclosed in a writing-case, under the feet (of a statue) of the god Anoobis, in the town of Sochem, at the time of the reign of his majesty the defunct king Sapti.'

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  As an example we will allude to the great medical papyrus discovered in the necropolis of Memphis, which was added to the collection of the museum of Berlin, about fifty years ago.¡ÊÃæά¡ËThis manuscript was composed in the reign of Ramses II., but there is a passage in it which throws back the origin of one part of the work to the fifth king of the table of Abydos. This is what the text says on this subject.¡Ê¸¶Ê¸¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤³¤Ç¤Î¹ÔÂؤ¨¤Ï¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡Ë

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ÀÖÄÍÉÔÆóÉ×»á¤Î¹ðÊ̼°¤Ç¥¿¥â¥ê¤µ¤ó¤¬Æɤó¤ÀĤ¼­¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤³¤ó¤Ê°ìÀ᤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¡Ö¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¹Í¤¨¤ÏÁ´¤Æ¤Î½ÐÍè»ö¸ºß¤ò¤¢¤ë¤¬¤Þ¤Þ¤ËÁ°¸þ¤­¤Ë¹ÎÄꤷ¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¿Í´Ö¤Ï½Å¶ì¤·¤¤±¢(¤¤¤ó)¤ÎÀ¤³¦¤«¤é²òÊü¤µ¤ì¡¢·Ú¤ä¤«¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¿»þ´Ö¤ÏÁ°¸å´Ø·¸¤òÃǤÁÊü¤¿¤ì¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î»þ¤½¤Î¾ì¤¬°ÛÍͤËÌÀ¤ë¤¯´¶¤¸¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¹Í¤¨¤ò¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï¸«»ö¤Ë°ì¸À¤Ç¸À¤¤É½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡Ø¤³¤ì¤Ç¤¤¤¤¤Î¤À¡Ù¤È¡£¡×

 		 

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  Mena's son and heir was called Athothis, in the Manethonian description (in this name are included three kings, Tota, Atot, and Ata, according to the stone table of Abydos). He built the king's tower in Memphis, arid wrote, wonderful to say, a work on anatomy, 'for he was a physician.' The information of the monuments is silent about a physician of the name of Tota, Atot, or Ata; mention is only made of a roll of a very ancient book bought in Thebes by Mr. Ebers, which, when Teta sat on the throne, was prized as a means for making the hair grow. More important than this information, interesting at most to hair-dressers, is the fact that the writings of the pharaohs on medical subjects reach back as far as the first dynasty of the Thinites.

As an example we will allude to the great medical papyrus discovered in the necropolis of Memphis, which was added to the collection of the museum of Berlin, about fifty years ago. As we have elsewhere shown, this precious document contains a quantity of receipts for the cure of a certain number of maladies of the nature of leprosy, and many other diseases. In a simple, childish exposition of the construction and mechanism of the body, the writing explained the number and use of the numerous 'tribes.' This manuscript was composed in the reign of Ramses II., but there is a passage in it which throws back the origin of one part of the work to the fifth king of the table of Abydos. This is what the text says on this subject. 'This is the beginning of the collection of receipts for curing leprosy. It was discovered in a very ancient papyrus enclosed in a writing-case, under the feet (of a statue) of the god Anoobis, in the town of Sochem, at the time of the reign of his majesty the defunct king Sapti. After his death it was brought to the majesty of the defunct king Senta, on account of its wonderful value.

'And behold the book was placed again at the feet and well secured by the scribe of the temple and the great physician, the wise Noferhotep. ¡ÊAnd when this happened to the book at the going down of the sun, he consecrated a meat and drink and incense offering to Isis, the lady, to Hor of Athribis, and the god Khonsoo-Thut of Ainkhit.¡Ë'

What further the priest Manetho was able to tell us of those old times out of his book of kings, appears in meagre extracts in later authors, who have shown their own poverty of intelligence by the miserably ignorant use they have made of this copious document of antiquity. We hear and are astounded at how much there was of importance in the book of the priest.

¥á¥Ê¤Î©»Ò¤È¸å·Ñ¼Ô¤Ï¥Þ¥Í¥È¡¼¤Îµ­½Ò¤Ç¤ÏAthothis¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡Ê¥¢¥Ó¥å¥É¥¹¤Îɽ¤Ë¤è¤ì¤Ð¤³¤Î̾Á°¤ÏTota¡¢Atot¡¢µÚ¤ÓAta¤Î»°¿Í¤Î²¦¤ò»Ø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¡Ê»²¹Í¡§Âè1²¦Ä«¤Îɽ¡Ë¡Ë¡£Èà¡ÊAthothis¡Ë¤Ï¥á¥ó¥Õ¥£¥¹¤Ë²¦¤ÎÅã¤ò·ú¤Æ¡¢¶Ã¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë²ò˶¤ÎÊýË¡¤ò½ñ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡¢'Èà¤Ï°å¼Ô¤À¤Ã¤¿¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹'¡£Èêʸ¤Ë¤ÏTota¤âAtot¤âAta¤â°å¼Ô¤Î̾¤È¤·¤Æ½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤½¤ì¤¬µó¤²¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë»á¤¬¥Æ¡¼¥Ù¤ÇÇã¤Ã¤¿°ì´¬¤Î¤È¤Æ¤â¸Å¤¤ËܤǤ·¤¿¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¤½¤³¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏTeta¡ÊÂè1²¦Ä«2ÈÖÌܤβ¦¡Ë¤¬²¦°Ì¤Ë½¢¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ¤Ë¡¢ÁýÌÓË¡¤È¤·¤Æ½ÅÊõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤ÎÍͤʾðÊó¤Ï¤»¤¤¤¼¤¤ÈþÍƻդµ¤ó¤Ë¤Ï¶½Ì£¿¼¤¤¤«¤âÃΤì¤Ê¤¤¤±¤ì¤É¤â¡¢ô£¤«¤Ë½ÅÍפʤΤϡ¢°å³Ø¤ò¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤Ë¤·¤¿²¦Íͤνñ¤­Êª¤¬¤Ï¤ë¤«Âè1²¦Ä«¤ÎÀΤËÁ̤ë¤È¤¤¤¦»ö¼Â¤Ç¤¹¡£

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¡ÖIf the reader's curiosity leads him to an enquiry concerning the epochs of time already fixed in the history of the Pharaohs, and to a critical examination of the chronological tables thus far composed by scholars, he must be strangely impressed by the conflict of most diverse views in the computations of the most modern
school. As to the era, for example, when the first Pharaoh, Mena, mounted the throne, the German Egyptologers have attempted to fix it at the following epochs:

              B.C.                    B.C.
Boeckh ......... 5702      Lepsius .........3892
Lauth  ......... 4157      Brugsch ........ 4455
Unger  ..........5613      Bunsen ......... 3623

The difference between the two extreme points of the series is amazingly great, for its number of years amounts to no less than 2079! In order to comprehend it more fully, let us suppose, for the sake of comparison, that, some sixty centimes¡Ê¥É¥¤¥Ä¸ì¡Ê12¹ÔÌܤǤ¹¡Ë¤Ï¡Ösech¡Ês¡á¥ß¥¹¡Ëzig Jahrhunderte¡×¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡Ösixty centuries¡×¤Î¸íÌõ¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡Ë after our time, the learned world should launch out into a discussion about the date of the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus, which began, as we at this day know exactly, at the year 30 B.C. Instead then of this correct date, our learned sages would differ so widely in their opinions, that one would propose the year 207 B.C. of our chronology as the highest date, another the year 1872 a.d. of the same chronology as the lowest, for the accession of Augustus.¡×

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³¡¦Â³¡ÖWhite Yajur Veda or Vajasaneya Samhita¡×¡ÊÈ÷˺Ͽ¡Ë

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17 For Abhorrence a Paulkasa; for Colour a goldsmith; for
Balance a merchant; for Repentance a sluggard; for All
Spirits a leper; for Prosperity a watchful man; for Failure
a sleepy man; for Mischief a chatterer; for Misfortune
a shameless man; for Undoing one who cuts up into small
pieces;

21 For Fire a fat man; for Earth a cripple; for Wind a
Chāndāla; for Mid-Air a pole-dancer; for Sky a bald-head;
for the Sun a green-eyed man; for Stars a spotty man;
for the Moon a leper; for Day a white yellow-eyed man;
for Night a black man with yellow eyes.


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¡¦Walter Addison JayneÃø¡ÖThe Healing Gods of Ancient Civilization¡×¡Ê¥Ú¡¼¥¸²èÁü¡Ë¤Ë¡Ö¥ä¥¸¥å¥ë¡¦¥ô¥§¡¼¥À¡×¤Ë¤â¡Ökilāsa¡×¤Îµ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Èµ­¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥µ¥ó¥¹¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥È¸ì¤Î¸¶Åµ¤Ï¸«Åö¤¿¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬±ÑÌõ¤Ï2¼ïÍ­¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£Ralph T.H. GriffithÌõ¡ÖThe Texts of the White Yajurveda¡×¤Î¡ÖBOOK THE THIRTIETH¡×¡ÊNo.17¡§for All Spirits a leper¡¢No.21¡§for the Moon a leper¡Ë¤ÈArthur Berriedale KeithÃø¡ÖThe Yajur Veda (Taittiriya Sanhita)¡×¡Ê¥Ú¡¼¥¸²èÁü¡Ë¤Ç¤¹¡£¤¤¤º¤ì¤â¡Öleper¡×¤ÏÍ­¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡Öleprosy¡×¤ÏÍ­¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

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  White Yajur Veda or Vajasaneya Samhita

PREFACE.

THE YAJURVEDAderived from the roots yaj, to sacrifice or, worship, and vid, to know,is the Knowledge of Sacrifice or Sacrificial Texts and Formulas as distinguished from the Rigveda or Knowledge of Recited Praise, the Saveda or Knowledge of Chanted Hymns, and the Atharva or Brahmaveda which is the Knowledge of Prayer, Charm, and Spells. Though ranking second in the Indian enumeration of the Vedas and containing much that is of very ancient origin, its compilation in its present form, exhibiting as it does the almost complete development of castes and mixt castes and considerable advance in arts and sciences, trades, handicrafts and occupations, is evidently of later date than that even of the Atharva. The Samhitā or Collection of its hymns, texts, and formulas, constituting the hymn-book and prayer-book of the Adhvaryu priests as distinguished from the Hotar, the Udgar, and the Brahman, the special priests, respectively, of the three other Vedas, owes its origin to the increasing multiformity and complication of the Indian ritual and the recognized insufficiency of the simple and unsystematically arranged Collection of Rigveda Hymns to meet the requirements of the performers of various essentially important rites and ceremonies.

The Yajurveda, owing to a schism among its earliest teachers and their followers, was divided into two distinct Samhitā or Collections called probably from the names of the Rishis or inspired Seers who, ate respectively their reputed compilersthe Taittirïya and the Vājasaneya or Vājasaneyi; the former and older being known also by the title Krishna or Blackprobably from its dark or obscure appearance, the collection of sacrificial texts and formulas being perplexingly intermingled with the Brāhmana or exegetical portion which explains them and teaches their ritual application, and the latter being called Sukla or White, the revised, systematic and clear collection, containing the texts and formulas by themselves with a totally distinct Brmana, the Satapatha, as an¡¡appendix. In the two divisions, besides these essential points of difference, are found occasional verbal and orthoepic variations which are generally of little importance. The order of rites and ceremonies is substantially identical, but the White contains a few more texts than the Black.

The Samhitā of the White Yajurveda consists of forty Adhyas or Books containing, with frequent repetitions of the same text, about two thousand verses. A large portion of these are Richas¡Ê¥ê¥°¡¦¥ô¥§¡¼¥À¤Îhymn¤Ç¤¹¡Ë or Strophes¡ÊÀᡢϢ¤Ç¤¹¡Ë borrowed frequently with variations from the Rigveda, and sometimes from the Atharva these, of course, are metrical. Nearly equal in quantity are the Yajus texts or sacrificial formulasthe most characteristic portion, from which the Veda derives its namecomposed in measured prose 'which rises now and then,' as Professor Weber observes, 'to a true
rhythmical swing,' and long passages, such as the lists of victims to be tied up and dedicated at the Asvamedha and the Purushamedha, which are necessarily in the simplest prose.

For further information with regard to this Veda the reader should consult Professor Weber's History of Indian Literature (English Translation by John Mann and Theodor Zachariae: Trner's Oriental Series); Professor Max Mler's History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature; Professor J. Eggeling's Introduction, Vol. XII. of the Sacred Books of the East, or, for a briefer account, Mrs. Manning's Ancient and Mediaeval India, Vol. I. pp. 107-109.

My translation follows the fine edition of the White Yajurveda or Vājasaneyi-Sanhitā, in the two recensionsthe Mhyandina and the Kva, with Mahhara's Commentary, the Vedada, or Lamp of Knowledge, written towards the close of the sixteenth century, published under the patronage of the Honourable Court of Directors of the East India Company in 1849 at Berlin by Dr. Albrecht Weber, at that time Docent of the Sanskrit language at that University. This excellent edition consisting of three Parts the latter two of which contain the Satapatha-Brmana in the Mhyandina recension with extracts from the Commentaries of Sana, Harisvin, and Dvivedaganga, and the Srautra-Sra of Kyana with extracts from the Commentaries of Karka and Ykadeva, has not been reprinted and is now practically unobtainable. In India the text of the Mhyandina recension with Mahhara's Commentary has been issued in a cheap form at Calcutta by Pandit Janda Vidyara, B. A., Superintendent of the Free Sanskrit College, of which a second edition appeared in 1892; and a lithographed edition of the text with a Hindi translation of Mahhara's Commentary was published in 1874, at Besma in the North-Western Provinces, by R Giriprasavarman of that place. A cheap edition of the text, in unbound MS. form, has been published at Bombay.

No separate translation of the whole Samhit or Collection of Texts and Formulas has appeared in any European language. It was Professor Weber's intention, as signified in his History of Indian Literature, to bring out a translation giving the ceremonial belonging to each verse, together with a full glossary, but 'this promise has not been fulfilled, owing to the pressure of other labours.' This scholar had previously published a Latin translation, with annotations in the same language, of Books IX. and X. in his Vasaneya-Sanhitae Specimen (Breslau, 1846), and more recently a German version of Book XVI. in Indische Studien II. pp. 14 ff., and of the list of men and women to be dedicated at the Purushamedha in his treatise on Human Sacrifice among Indians of the Vedic Age reprinted in his Indische Streifen I. pp. 76-84. Of Book XL. as an Upanishad there are several translations into English.

Moreover, nearly the whole of the first eighteen Books has been incorporateddissected and explained clause by clausein the first nine Books of the Satapatha-Brāmana; and an admirable translation of this vast work by Professor Julius Eggeling is now nearly completed in the Sacred Books of the East, four volumes (XII, XXVI., XLI., XLIII. of that series) having already appeared, and the concluding volume (XLV) being in the press. From this translationwhich, but for its bulk and costliness would make half of my work superfluousand from Professor Eggeling's annotations, I have derived the greatest assistance, and most gratefully record my obligations.

All that I have attempted to do is to give a faithful translation, to the best of my ability, of the texts and sacrificial formulas of the Veda, with just sufficient commentary, chiefly from Mahhara, to make them intelligible. Much additional information way be found in Professor A. Hillebrandt's Ritual-Litteratur, Vedische Opfer and Zauber (Grundriss der Indo-Arischen Philologie and Altertumskunde), Strassburg: 1897; and further minute details of the various sacrifices, rites and ceremonies are given in the Satapatha-Brāmana as already mentioned, and in various articles, referred to in my notes, by Professor A. Weber, the great authority on the Yajurveda and all that is connected with it.

R. T. H. GRIFFITH.

KOTAGIRI, NILGIRIS
May, 1899.

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¡Ö7 To thee, dispeller of the night, O Agni, day by day with prayer
Bringing thee reverence, we come
8 Ruler of sacrifices, guard of Law eternal, radiant One,
Increasing in thine own abode.
9 Be to us easy of approach, even as a father to his son:
Agni, be with us for our weal.¡×


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1800 BC: Berlin Mathematical Papyrus,2nd order algebraic equations¡ÊÂå¿ô¤ÎÊýÄø¼°¡Ë
1800 BC: Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, generalized formula for volume of frustum¡Ê±ß¿íÂæ¤ÎÂÎÀÑ¡Ë
1650 BC: Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: geometry¡Ê´ö²¿³Ø¡Ë, cotangent analogue¡ÊÉÔÌÀ¡Ë, algebraic equations¡ÊÂå¿ô¤ÎÊýÄø¼°¡Ë, arithmetic¡Ê»»¿ô¡Ë series, geometric series
1600 BC: Edwin Smith papyrus, medical tradition¡Ê°å³ØÅÁ¾µ¡Ë traces as far back as c. 3000 BC
1550 BC: Ebers Medical Papyrus, traditional empiricism¡ÊÅÁÅýŪ°åÎÅ¡Ë; world's earliest known documented tumors¡Ê¼Â¾Ú¤µ¤ì¤¿¼ðáç¡Ë
1160 BC: Turin papyrus, world's earliest known geologic and topographic map¡ÊÃϼÁ³Ø¤ÈÃÏ·Á¿Þ¡Ë
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c.2500 BC: Westcar Papyrus
c.1800 BC: Ipuwer papyrus
c.1800 BC: Papyrus Harris I
c.1400 BC: Tulli Papyrus
c.1300 BC: Brugsch Papyrus
Unknown date: Rollin Papyrus

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Around 1500 BC, in the Indian work Rgveda Samhita, there are references to kushtha, a term covering leprosy as well as some other skin afflictions. Around 1300-1100 BC, there is mention of leprosy under the term Uchedu in the Ebers Papyrus and Brugsch Papyrus of Egypt.

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¡ü¤½¤Î¹¹¤Ë4ǯ¸å¥¸¥§¥é¥ë¥É¡¦¥Þ¥Ã¥·¡¼¡ÊGerald Massey¡Ë¤¬¡ÖA BOOK OF THE BEGINNINGS¡×¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤Æµï¤Þ¤¹¡£¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤¬¡ÖÀ÷ȱ¡×¤Î½èÊý䵤ò¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤Æµï¤ë¤Èµ­¤·¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¼Â¤ÏÂè°ì²¦Ä«¤Î2ÈÖÌܤβ¦teta¤ÎÊì¿Æ¤Î°Ù¤Î¤â¤Î¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¡£¤³¤³¤Ë³¤¤¤Æ¡Öleprosy¡×¤Îʸ»ú¤¬Åо줷¤Þ¤¹¤¬Áá¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¢¤½¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¡ÖThis is typical.¡×¤ÈÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å¤¬½ñ¤¤¤¿¡ÖAs an example¡×¤ò»×¤¤½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¡Ö¸Å¤¤²¦Ä«¤ËÁ̤뤳¤È¤ÏÎɤ¯¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢Î㤨¤Ð¡¦¡¦¡¦¡×¤È¡Öleprosy¡×¤ÎÎã¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤³¤Ç¤â¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤Ë¡Öleprosy¡×¤¬µ­ºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Èµ­¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

¡üƱ¤¸1881ǯ¤ËGeorge¡¡Rawlinson¤¬¡ÖHistory of ancient Egypt¡×¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤Æµï¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å¤Î°úÍѤǡÖa very ancient papyrus¡×¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¡ü¹¹¤Ë4ǯ¸å¡¢August Hirsch¤¬¡ÖHandbook of geographical and historical pathology¡×¤Ç¿¨¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤âµÓÃí¤Ç¥Ö¥ë¥°¥·¥å¤ò°úÍѤ·¤Æñ¤Ë¡Öthe papyrus¡×¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤³¤Ç°ì¤ÄÃí°Õ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¤¤Æ¡Ödiscovered by him¡×¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÀ¤Ç¤¹¡£¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å¤â¼Â¤Ï¡Öpapyrus¡×¤òȯ¸«¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡¢¡ÖBrugsch¡¡papyrus¡×¤Ç¸¡º÷¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤¤¤ä¼Â¤ÏÍ­¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÃΤäƤ¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡Ê¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¤·¤ÆÃæÄø¤Ç¤¹¡Ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å¤Ï1827ǯÀ¸¤Þ¤ì¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢¼«Ê¬¤Îʸ¾Ï¤Ç¡Öthe great medical papyrus¡×¤Èµ­¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤êÆÀ¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¢50ǯÁ°¤Ëȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡£

¡ü¤µ¤Æ¼¡¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Î¤¬Carl H.von Klein¤Î¡ÖThe medical features of the Papyrus Ebers¡×¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤³¤Ë»äã¤Ï¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÄ´ºº¤ò°ìµó¤Ëʤ¤¹¾Úº¸¤òÌܤˤ·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹ºÇ¸å¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤Î9¥Ú¡¼¥¸¡Ê9¹ÔÌܤǤ¹¡Ë¤Ç¤´Í÷失¤Þ¤¹¡£Æ¬¤òÊú¤¨¹þ¤ó¤Ç¤·¤Þ¤¦Á°¤Ë¡¢º£Æü¤Ï¤³¤³¤ÇÀÚ¤ê¾å¤²¤ë¤È¤¤¤¿¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ç¤Ï¡¦¡¦¡¦¡£¡Ê2010.1.21¡¡4¡§22æ¹Æ¡Ë 		 

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 Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¥ê¥Ù¥ë  Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2010ǯ 1·î20Æü(¿å)03»þ46ʬ23Éà 		ÊÖ¿®¡¦°úÍÑ ¡¡ÊÔ½¸ºÑ
  > No.4613[¸µµ­»ö¤Ø]

>A BOOK OF THE BEGINNINGS    Gerald MasseyÃø¡Ê1881ǯ¡Ë
>
>  The antiquity of Egypt may be said to have ended long before the classical antiquity of the moderns begins, and except in the memorials of myth and language it was pre-monumental. We know that when Egypt first comes in sight it is old and grey. Among the most ancient of the recipes preserved are prescriptions for dyeing the hair. There are several recipes for hair dye or washes found in the Ebers Papyrus[17], and one of these is ascribed to the lady Skheskh, mother of Teta, the first king on the monuments after Mena.
>
>  This is typical. They were old enough more than 6,000 years ago for leprosy to be the subject of profound concern. A manuscript of the time of Rameses II says:¡½
>
>  ¡¡¡¡¡¡'This is the beginning of the collection of receipts for curing leprosy. It was discovered in a very ancient papyrus enclosed in a writing-case under the feet
> ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡(of a statue) of the god Anubis, in the town of Sakhur, at the time of the reign of his majesty the defunct King Sapti,'[18] who was the fifth pharaoh of the first dynasty, in the list of Abydus.
>
> Leprosy was indigenous to Egypt and Africa; it has even been conjectured that the white negroes were produced by it, as the albinos of the black race.
>
> ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥°¥ë¥¯¥·¥å¤Î5ǯ¸å¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥¸¥§¥é¥ë¥É¡¦¥Þ¥Ã¥·¡¼¡ÊGerald Massey¡Ë¤ÎÎϺî¤Ç¤¹¡£¤¿¤ÀÈà¤Ï¥¨¥¸¥×¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏÆȳؤdzؤó¤À¤Î¤Ç¤½¤ÎÅÀ¤ÏÚмष¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤È¸À¤¦¤È¼ºÎé¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£»í¿Í¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤ÈÃΤëÁ°¤ËÁ´¤Æ¤òÆɤ߽ª¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¾å¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¥á¥Á¥ã¥¯¥Á¥ãÆñ¤·¤¤¤±¤ì¤É¤âʸ̮¤Ï°ì»åÍð¤ì¤º¡¢»ä¤ÏËܾì¤Î¥¤¥®¥ê¥¹¿Í¤Îʸ¾Ï¤Ï¤µ¤¹¤¬¤À¤Ê¡¢¤Ê¤É¤È¥È¥ó¥À´ª°ã¤¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
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> ¤¢¡¢¤½¤ì¤«¤é¡Î17¡Ï¡Î18¡Ï¤ÈÃí¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¤³¤ì¤Ï´û¤Ë¡Ö¡ÖEbers Papyrus¡×¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¡×¤Ç¤ªÆɤߤˤʤäƤ¤¤ë¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å¤Î°úÍѤǤ¹¡£ÉԻ׵Ĥʡʰ¿¤¤¤ÏÅöÁ³¤È¸À¤¨¤ÐÅöÁ³¤¹¤®¤ë¡Ë¶öÁ³¤Ë´ò¤·¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡¦¡¦¡¦^^¤³¤ì¤À¤«¤é»ß¤á¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡¦¡¦¡¦¡Ê^^:¡Ë

´ò¤·¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤ÆÂç»ö¤Ê¤³¤È¤ò˺¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤ªµ¤ÉÕ¤­¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡¢¼Â¤Ï¤³¤Î¤È¤³¤í¥º¥Ã¥ÈƬ¤ÎÊÒ¶ù¤Ç¥®¥é¥®¥é¸ºß¤ò¸Ø¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤¬¡Öhair¡×¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£º£¤Ï¤³¤ó¤Ê¿¨¤ìÊý¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¤³¤ì¤Ï¡Ö·Ú¤¤¥¸¥ã¥Ö¡×¤À¤È¤ª¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¼Â¤ÏÁíÅ»¤á¤Ø¤ÎÆþ¤ê¸ý¤À¤È»ä¤Ï»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¡Ö¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤ÎÃæ¤Î¡Öleprosy¡×¤Ë¿§¡¹¤Êʸ¸¥¤ò¼êÅö¤¿¤ê¼¡Â轸¤á¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤â¤¦¤³¤ó¤Ê½ê¤«¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¢¸å¤Ï¤³¤ì¤òÐíâפ¹¤ëºî¶È¤ËÆþ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¥ë¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È»á¤Îʸ¾Ï¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¤¤Î¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤È¸À¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤ì¤ËÉտ路¤Æ¡Ö¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ªÂêÌܤΤ´¤È¤¯½Ò¤Ù¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡ÖÄêÀâ¡×¤ò½¤Àµ¤¹¤ëºî¶È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

ÆÍÇ˸ý¤È¤·¤Æ¡Öhair¡×¤«¤éÆþ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¡Ö¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¡×¤ÎÃæ¤Î¡Öleprosy¡×¤ò¡Öhair¡×¤Ç¥Ú¡¼¥¸Æ⸡º÷¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å¤Î6ǯ¸å¤Ë¥¸¥§¥é¥ë¥É¡¦¥Þ¥Ã¥·¡¼¤Ï¾å¤Î¡ÖA BOOK OF THE BEGINNINGS¡×¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¤½¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡ÖºÇ¤â¸Å¤¤½èÊý䵤ÏÀ÷ȱ¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Ñ¥Ô¥ë¥¹¤Ë²¿¼ïÎà¤â½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡×¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡Ê¢¬¾å¤ÎÀÖ»ú¡Ë¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å¤Ï¡Ö¥¨¡¼¥Ù¥ë¥¹¤¬¥Æ¡¼¥Ù¤ÇÇã¤Ã¤¿°ì´¬¤Î¸Å½ñ¤¬¡¢ÁýÌӤμêÃʤȤ·¤Æº½Å¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£¤½¤·¤ÆÈþÍƻդˤ϶½Ì£¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤âÃΤì¤Ê¤¤¤³¤Î¾ðÊó¤è¤êô£¤«¤Ë½ÅÍפʤΤϡ¢¤³¤ÎÏä¬Âè1²¦Ä«¤Ë¤Þ¤ÇÁ̤뤳¤È¤Ê¤Î¤À¡×¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£

¤³¤³¤ÇÀ¼¤òÂç¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¯Ê¸¾Ï¤Ç¤¹¡£¡ÖAs an example¡Ä¡×¤ÈÍè¤Þ¤¹¡£¡ÖÂè1²¦Ä«¤Þ¤ÇÁ̤ëÏäΰìÎã¤È¤·¤Æ¡Ä¡×¡¢¡Öthe great medical papyrus¡×¤¬Í­¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï50ǯ¤Û¤ÉÁ°¤Ë¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó¤ÎÇîʪ´Û¤Ë¼ý¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¡×¤È¶ÄÍ­¤ë¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¤³¤ì¤Ï¡ÖThis is the beginning of the collection of receipts for curing leprosy.It was discovered in a very ancient papyrus enclosed in a writing-case, under the feet (of a statue) of the god Anoobis, in the town of Sochem, at the time of the reign of his majesty the defunct king Sapti.¡×¤À¤È¡£

¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å»á¤Ï¤³¤ì¤À¤±¤·¤«½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¥ë¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È»á¤Ï¤½¤ì¤ò°úÍѤ·¤¿¡Ê¹°ú¤­¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡Ë¤È¤·¤Æ¡ÖIn Egypt, Huspati (Horus-Den), a quasimythical Thinite Icing of the First Dynasty (¡Á3500 BC), is reported in papyrus dating from /- 1500-1200 BC as having suffered from a disease whose signs are evocative¡ÊÁÛµ¯¤µ¤»¤ë¡Ëof leprosy.¡×¤È½ñ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

¤³¤ì¤Þ¤ÇÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤­¤¿Ãæ¤Ç¡ÖSapti¡áHesepti¡áHusapti¡Ê¡áHuspati¡½¤³¤ì¤Ï¥ë¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È»á¤À¤±¡Ë¡×²¦¤ÏÂè1²¦Ä«¤Î5ÈÖÌܤβ¦¤Ç¤½¤Î»þ¡Öreceipts for curing leprosy¡×¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦ÀâÌÀ¤Ï²¿ÅÙ¤â½Ð¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤·¤«¤·¡Öleprosy¡×¤ËØí´µ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤Êµ­½Ò¤Ï¸½ºß¤Î½ê³§Ìµ¤Ç¤¹¡£¤À¤«¤é¥ë¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È»á¤Îµ­½Ò¤Ï´Ö°ã¤¤¤À¤È»ä¤Ï»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡ÖHuspati¡×¤È¤¤¤¦É½µ­¤â¸¡º÷¤·¤Æ¤â¤½¤ì¤é¤·¤¤¤Î¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Æɤá¤Ê¤¤¸À¸ì¤Î¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬^^¡£¤³¤ì¤â¸íµ­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¡Ö·Ú¤¤¥¸¥ã¥Ö¡×¤Î¤Ä¤â¤ê¤¬¤¤¤­¤Ê¤ê·ëÏÀ¤ËÈô¤Ó°Ü¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤Þ¤¢¡¢¤³¤ó¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡¦¡¦¡¦¤¯¤¿¤Ð¤ê»¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤ä¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¦¡¦¡¦¡£¤½¤ì¤«¤é¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥·¥å»á¤¬¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Öthe great medical papyrus¡×¡¢¤Ï°ìÂβ¿¤Ê¤Î¤«¡¢Á³¤ë¤Ù¤­Ì¾Á°¤¬ÉÕ¤¤¤¿¡Öpapyrus¡×¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï̤Ĵºº¤Ç¤¹¡£ËÜÂê¤È´Ø·¸¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢Ä´¤Ù¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð·èÃ夬ÉÕ¤«¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¿´¶­¤Ç¤¹¡¦¡¦¡¦¡£

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ȯ¸«¡ÖA BOOK OF THE BEGINNINGS¡×

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  A BOOK OF THE BEGINNINGS    Gerald MasseyÃø¡Ê1881ǯ¡Ë

The antiquity of Egypt may be said to have ended long before the classical antiquity of the moderns begins, and except in the memorials of myth and language it was pre-monumental. We know that when Egypt first comes in sight it is old and grey. Among the most ancient of the recipes preserved are prescriptions for dyeing the hair. There are several recipes for hair dye or washes found in the Ebers Papyrus[17], and one of these is ascribed to the lady Skheskh, mother of Teta, the first king on the monuments after Mena.

This is typical. They were old enough more than 6,000 years ago for leprosy to be the subject of profound concern. A manuscript of the time of Rameses II says:¡½

¡¡¡¡¡¡'This is the beginning of the collection of receipts for curing leprosy. It was discovered in a very ancient papyrus enclosed in a writing-case under the feet
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡(of a statue) of the god Anubis, in the town of Sakhur, at the time of the reign of his majesty the defunct King Sapti,'[18] who was the fifth pharaoh of the first dynasty, in the list of Abydus.

Leprosy was indigenous to Egypt and Africa; it has even been conjectured that the white negroes were produced by it, as the albinos of the black race.

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