WAC 296-24-24003 General requirements.

(1) Application. This section applies to crawler cranes, locomotive cranes, wheel mounted cranes of both truck and self-propelled wheel type, and any variations thereof which retain the same fundamental characteristics. This section includes only cranes of the above types, which are basically powered by internal combustion engines or electric motors and which utilize drums and ropes. Cranes designed for railway and automobile wreck clearances are excepted. The requirements of these standards are applicable only to machines when used as lifting cranes.

(2) New and existing equipment. All new crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes constructed and utilized on or after the effective date of these standards, shall meet the design specifications of the American National Standard Safety Code for Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes, ANSI B 30.5-1968. Crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes constructed prior to the effective date of these standards should be modified to conform to those design specifications by December 31, 1973, unless it can be shown that the crane cannot feasibly or economically be altered and that the crane substantially complies with the requirements of this section. Replacement parts shall be of equal or better quality than the original equipment and suitable for the purpose. Repairs or modifications shall be such as to render the equipment equal to or better than the original construction or design.

(3) Designated personnel. Only designated personnel shall be permitted to operate a crane covered by this section.

[Order 74-27, § 296-24-24003, filed 5/7/74; Order 73-5, § 296-24-24003, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24003, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24005 Load ratings.

(1) Load ratings-Where stability governs lifting performance.

(a) The margin of stability for determination of load ratings, with booms of stipulated lengths at stipulated working radii for the various types of crane mountings is established by taking a percentage of the loads which will produce a condition of tipping or balance with the boom in the least stable direction, relative to the mounting. The load ratings shall not exceed the following percentages for cranes, with the indicated types of mounting under conditions stipulated in (1)(b) and (c) of this section.

¹Unless this results in less than 30,000 pound-feet net stabilizing moment about the rail, which shall be minimum with such booms.

(b) The following stipulation shall govern the application of the values in (1)(a) of this section for locomotive cranes:

(i) Tipping with or without the use of outriggers occurs when half of the wheels farthest from the load leave the rail.

(ii) The crane shall be standing on track which is level within 1 percent grade.

(iii) Radius of the load is the horizontal distance from a projection of the axis of rotation to the rail support surface, before loading, to the center of vertical hoist line or tackle with load applied.

(iv) Tipping loads from which ratings are determined shall be applied under static conditions only, i.e., without dynamic effect of hoisting, lowering, or swinging.

(v) The weight of all auxiliary handling devices such as hoist blocks, hooks, and slings shall be considered a part of the load rating.

(c) Stipulations governing the application of the values in (1)(a) of this section for crawler, truck, and wheel-mounted cranes shall be in accordance with Crane Load-Stability Test Code. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J765.

Note: The effectiveness of these preceding stability factors will be influenced by such additional factors as freely suspended loads, track, wind, or ground conditions, condition and inflation of rubber tires, boom lengths, proper operating speeds for existing conditions, and, in general, careful and competent operation. All of these shall be taken into account by the user.

(2) Rated capacity chart. A chart indicating the manufacturer's rated capacity at all operating radii for all permissible boom lengths and jib lengths with alternate ratings for optional equipment affecting such ratings shall be posted in all mobile type cranes and shall be readily visible to the operator in the normal operating position.

(3) Inspection classification. Initial inspection. Prior to initial use all new and altered cranes shall be inspected to insure compliance with provisions of these standards.

(4) All hooks shall be of the safety latch-type or the hook shall be moused.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-24-24005, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, 49.17.150, and 49.17.240. 79-08-115 (Order 79-9), § 296-24-24005, filed 7/31/79; Order 73-5, § 296-24-24005, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24005, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24007 Inspection classification.

(1) Regular inspection. Inspection procedure for cranes in regular service is divided into two general classifications based upon the intervals at which inspection should be performed. The intervals in turn are dependent upon the nature of the critical components of the crane and the degree of their exposure to wear, deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifications are herein designated as "frequent" and "periodic" with respective intervals between inspections as defined below:

(a) Frequent inspection: Daily to monthly intervals.

(b) Periodic inspection: One- to 12-month intervals, or as specifically recommended by the manufacturer.

(2) Frequent inspection. Items such as the following shall be inspected for defects at intervals as defined in (2)(a) of this section or as specifically indicated including observation during operation for any defects which might appear between regular inspection. Any deficiencies such as listed shall be carefully examined and determination made as to whether they constitute a safety hazard:

(a) All control mechanisms for maladjustment interfering with proper operation: Daily.

(b) All control mechanisms for excessive wear of components and contamination by lubricants or other foreign matter.

(c) All safety devices for malfunction.

(d) Deterioration or leakage in air or hydraulic systems: Daily.

(e) Crane hooks with deformations or cracks. For hooks with cracks or having more than 15 percent in excess of normal throat opening or more than 10° twist from the plane of the unbent hook.

(f) Rope reeving for noncompliance with manufacturer's recommendations.

(g) Electrical apparatus for malfunctioning, signs of excessive deterioration, dirt, and moisture accumulation.

(3) Periodic inspection. Complete inspections of the crane shall be performed at intervals as generally defined in (2)(b) of this section depending upon its activity, severity of service, and environment, or as specifically indicated below. These inspections shall include the requirements of (3) of this section and in addition, items such as the following. Any deficiencies such as listed shall be carefully examined and determination made as to whether they constitute a safety hazard:

(a) Deformed, cracked, or corroded members, in the crane structure and boom.

(b) Loose bolts or rivets.

(c) Cracked or worn sheaves and drums.

(d) Worn, cracked, or distorted parts such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, rollers and locking devices.

(e) Excessive wear on brake and clutch system parts, linings, pawls, and ratchets.

(f) Load, boom angle, and other indicators over their full range, for any significant inaccuracies.

(g) Gasoline, diesel, electric, or other power plants for improper performance or noncompliance with safety requirements.

(h) Excessive wear of chain-drive sprockets and excessive chain stretch.

(i) Travel steering, braking, and locking devices, for malfunction.

(j) Excessively worn or damaged tires.

(4) Cranes not in regular use.

(a) A crane which has been idle for a period of one month or more, but less than 6 months, shall be given an inspection conforming with requirements of (3) of this section and WAC 296-24-24013 (2)(b) before placing in service.

(b) A crane which has been idle for a period of six months shall be given a complete inspection conforming with requirements of (3) and (4) of this section and WAC 296-24-24013 (2)(b) before placing in service.

(c) Standby cranes shall be inspected at least semi-annually in accordance with requirements of (3) of this section and WAC 296-24-24013 (2)(b). Such cranes which are exposed to adverse environment should be inspected more frequently.

(5) Inspection records. Written, dated, and signed inspection reports and records shall be made monthly on critical items in use such as brakes, crane hooks, and ropes. Records shall be kept readily available.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24007, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24007, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24009 Testing.

(1) Operational tests.

(a) In addition to prototype tests and quality-control measures, the user of each new production crane shall require that it be tested and related data supplied by the manufacturer to the extent necessary to assure compliance with the operational requirements of this subsection including functions such as the following:

(i) Load hoisting and lowering mechanisms

(ii) Boom hoisting and lower mechanisms

(iii) Swinging mechanism

(iv) Travel mechanism

(v) Safety devices

(b) Where the complete production crane is not supplied by one manufacturer such tests shall be conducted at final assembly.

(c) Certified production-crane test results shall be made available.

(2) Rated load test.

(a) Written reports shall be available showing test procedures and confirming the adequacy of repairs or alterations.

(b) Test loads shall not exceed 110 percent of the rated load at any selected working radius.

(c) Where rerating is necessary:

(i) Crawler, truck, and wheel-mounted cranes shall be tested in accordance with SAE Recommended Practice, Crane Load Stability Test Code J765 (April 1961).

(ii) Locomotive cranes shall be tested in accordance with WAC 296-24-24005 (1)(a) and (b).

(iii) Rerating test report shall be readily available.

(d) No cranes shall be rerated in excess of the original load ratings unless such rating changes are approved by the crane manufacturer or final assembler.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-24-24009, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94; Order 73-5, § 296-24-24009, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24009, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24011 Maintenance procedure.

(1) Any unsafe conditions disclosed by the inspection requirements of this section shall be corrected before operation of the crane is resumed. Adjustments and repairs shall be done only by designated personnel.

(2) After adjustments and repairs have been made the crane shall not be operated until all guards have been reinstalled, safety devices reactivated, and maintenance equipment removed.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24011, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24011, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24013 Rope inspection.

(1) Running ropes. A thorough inspection of all ropes in use shall be made at least once a month and a full written, dated, and signed report of rope condition kept on file where readily available. All inspections shall be performed by an appointed or authorized person. Any deterioration, resulting in appreciable loss of original strength, such as described below, shall be carefully noted and determination made as to whether further use of the rope would constitute a safety hazard:

(a) Reduction of rope diameter below nominal diameter due to loss of core support, internal, or external corrosion or wear of outside wires.

(b) A number of broken outside wires and the degree of distribution of concentration of such broken wires.

(c) Worn outside wires.

(d) Corroded or broken wires at end connections.

(e) Corroded, cracked, bent, worn, or improperly applied end connections.

(f) Severe kinking, crushing, cutting, or unstranding.

(2) Other ropes.

(a) Heavy wear and/or broken wires may occur in sections in contact with equalizer sheaves or other sheaves where rope travel is limited, or with saddles. Particular care shall be taken to inspect ropes at these locations.

(b) All rope which has been idle for a period of a month or more due to shut down or storage of a crane on which it is installed shall be given a thorough inspection before it is placed in service. This inspection shall be for all types of deterioration and shall be performed by an appointed or authorized person whose approval shall be required for further use of the rope. A written and dated report of the rope condition shall be available.

(c) Particular care shall be taken in the inspection of nonrotating rope.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24013, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24013, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24015 Handling the load.

(1) Size of load.

(a) No crane shall be loaded beyond the rated load, except for test purposes as provided in WAC 296-24-24009.

(b) When loads which are limited by structural competence rather than by stability are to be handled, it shall be ascertained that the weight of the load has been determined within plus or minus 10 percent before it is lifted.

(2) Attaching the load.

(a) The hoist rope shall not be wrapped around the load.

(b) The load shall be attached to the hook by means of slings or other approved devices.

(3) Moving the load.

(a) The employer shall assure that:

(i) The crane is level and where necessary blocked properly.

(ii) The load is well secured and properly balanced in the sling or lifting device before it is lifted more than a few inches.

(b) Before starting to hoist, the following conditions shall be noted:

(i) Hoist rope shall not be kinked.

(ii) Multiple part lines shall not be twisted around each other.

(iii) The hook shall be brought over the load in such a manner as to prevent swinging.

(iv) If there is a slack rope condition, it should be determined that the rope is properly seated on the drum and in the sheaves.

(c) During hoisting care shall be taken that:

(i) There is no sudden acceleration or deceleration of the moving load.

(ii) The load does not contact any obstructions.

(d) Side loading of booms shall be limited to freely suspended loads. Cranes shall not be used for dragging loads sideways.

(e) No hoisting, lowering, swinging, or traveling shall be done while anyone is on the load or hook.

(f) The operator should avoid carrying loads over people.

(g) On truck mounted cranes, no loads shall be lifted over the front area except as approved by the crane manufacturer.

(h) The operator shall test the brakes each time a load approaching the rated load is handled by raising it a few inches and applying the brakes.

(i) Outriggers shall be used when the load to be handled at that particular radius exceeds the rated load without outriggers as given by the manufacturer for that crane. Where floats are used they shall be securely attached to the outriggers. Wood blocks used to support outriggers shall:

(i) Be strong enough to prevent crushing.

(ii) Be free from defects.

(iii) Be of sufficient width and length to prevent shifting or toppling under load.

(j) Neither the load nor the boom shall be lowered below the point where less than two full wraps of rope remain on their respective drums.

(k) Before lifting loads with locomotive cranes without using outriggers, means shall be applied to prevent the load from being carried by the truck springs.

(l) When two or more cranes are used to lift one load, one designated person shall be responsible for the operation. They shall be required to analyze the operation and instruct all personnel involved in the proper positioning, rigging of the load, and the movements to be made.

(m) In transit the following additional precautions shall be exercised.

(i) The boom shall be carried in line with the direction of motion.

(ii) The superstructure shall be secured against rotation, except when negotiating turns when there is an operator in the cab or the boom is supported on a dolly.

(iii) The empty hook shall be lashed or otherwise restrained so that it cannot swing freely.

(n) Before traveling a crane with load, a designated person shall be responsible for determining and controlling safety. Decisions such as position of load, boom location, ground support, travel route, and speed of movement shall be in accord with their determinations.

(o) A crane with or without load shall not be traveled with the boom so high that it may bounce back over the cab.

(p) When rotating the crane, sudden starts and stops shall be avoided. Rotational speed shall be such that the load does not swing out beyond the radii at which it can be controlled. A tag or restraint line shall be used when rotation of the load is hazardous.

(q) When a crane is to be operated at a fixed radius, the boom-hoist pawl or other positive locking device shall be engaged.

(r) Ropes shall not be handled on a winch head without the knowledge of the operator.

(s) While a winch head is being used, the operator shall be within convenient reach of the power unit control lever.

(4) Holding the load.

(a) The operator shall not be permitted to leave the control position while the load is suspended.

(b) No person should be permitted to stand or pass under a load on the hook.

(c) If the load must remain suspended for any considerable length of time, the operator shall hold the drum from rotating in the lowering direction by activating the positive controllable means of the operator's station.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-24-24015, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94; Order 73-5, § 296-24-24015, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24015, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24017 Other requirements.

(1) Rail clamps. Rail clamps shall not be used as a means of restraining tipping of a locomotive crane.

(2) Ballast or counterweight. Cranes shall not be operated without the full amount of any ballast or counterweight in place as specified by the maker, but truck cranes that have dropped the ballast or counterweight may be operated temporarily with special care and only for light loads without full ballast or counterweight in place. The ballast or counterweight in place specified by the manufacturer shall not be exceeded.

(3) Cabs.

(a) Necessary clothing and personal belongings shall be stored in such a manner as to not interfere with access or operation.

(b) Tools, oil cans, waste, extra fuses, and other necessary articles shall be stored in the tool box, and shall not be permitted to lie loose in or about the cab.

(4) Refueling.

(a) Refueling with small portable containers shall be done with an approved safety type can equipped with an automatic closing cap and flame arrester. Refer to WAC 296-24-58501(19) for definition of approved.

(b) Machines shall not be refueled with the engine running.

(5) Fire extinguishers.

(a) A carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or equivalent fire extinguisher shall be kept in the cab or vicinity of the crane.

(b) Operating and maintenance personnel shall be made familiar with the use and care of the fire extinguishers provided.

(6) Swinging locomotive cranes. A locomotive crane shall not be swung into a position where railway cars on an adjacent track might strike it, until it has been ascertained that cars are not being moved on the adjacent track and proper flag protection has been established.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-23-054 (Order 88-25), § 296-24-24017, filed 11/14/88; Order 73-5, § 296-24-24017, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24017, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24019 Operating near overhead electric power lines.

(1) For operations near overhead electric lines see chapter 296-24 WAC Part L.

(2) Boom guards. Cage-type boom guards, insulating links, or proximity warning devices may be used on cranes, but the use of such devices shall not operate to alter the requirements of (1) of this section.

(3) Notification. Before the commencement of operations near electrical lines, the owners of the lines or their authorized representative shall be notified and provided with all pertinent information. The cooperation of the owner shall be requested.

(4) Overhead wires. Any overhead wire shall be considered to be an energized line unless and until the person owning such line or the electrical utility authorities indicate that it is not an energized line.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 91-24-017 (Order 91-07), § 296-24-24019, filed 11/22/91, effective 12/24/91; Order 73-5, § 296-24-24019, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24019, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-245 Derricks.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-245, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-245, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24501 Definitions.

(1) A "derrick" is an apparatus consisting of a mast or equivalent member held at the head by guys or braces, with or without a boom, for use with a hoisting mechanism and operating ropes.

(2) A-"frame derrick" means a derrick in which the boom is hinged from a cross member between the bottom ends of two upright members spread apart at the lower ends and joined at the top; the boom point secured to the junction of the side members, and the side members are braced or guyed from this junction point.

A-FRAME

(3) A "basket derrick" is a derrick without a boom, similar to a gin pole with its base supported by ropes attached to corner posts or other parts of the structure. The base is at a lower elevation than its supports. The location of the base of a basket derrick can be changed by varying the length of the rope supports. The top of the pole is secured with multiple reeved guys to position the top of the pole to the desired location by varying the length of the upper guy lines. The load is raised and lowered by ropes through a sheave or block secured to the top of the pole.

BASKET

(4) "Breast derrick" means a derrick without boom. The mast consists of two side members spread farther apart at the base than at the top and tied together at top and bottom by rigid members. The mast is prevented from tipping forward by guys connected to its top. The load is raised and lowered by ropes through a sheave or block secured to the top crosspiece.

BREAST

(5) "Chicago boom derrick" means a boom which is attached to a structure, and outside upright member of the structure serving as the mast, and the boom being stepped in a fixed socket clamped to the upright. The derrick is complete with load, boom, and boom point swing line falls.

CHICAGO BOOM

(6) A "gin pole derrick" is a derrick without a boom. Its guys are so arranged from its top as to permit leaning the mast in any direction. The load is raised and lowered by ropes reeved through sheaves or blocks at the top of the mast.

GIN POLE

(7) "Guy derrick" means a fixed derrick consisting of a mast capable of being rotated, supported in a vertical position by guys, and a boom whose bottom end is hinged or pivoted to move in a vertical plane with a reeved rope between the head of the mast and the boom point for raising and lowering the boom, and a reeved rope from the boom point for raising and lowering the load.

GUY

(8) "Shearleg derrick" means a derrick without a boom and similar to a breast derrick. The mast, wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, is hinged at the bottom and has its top secured by a multiple reeved guy to permit handling loads at various radii by means of load tackle suspended from the mast top.

(9) A "stiffleg derrick" is a derrick similar to a guy derrick except that the mast is supported or held in place by two or more stiff members, called stifflegs, which are capable of resisting either tensile or compressive forces. Sills are generally provided to connect the lower ends of the stifflegs to the foot of the mast.

STIFF LEG

(10) "Appointed" means assigned specific responsibilities by the employer or the employer's representative.

(11) "ANSI" means the American National Standards Institute.

(12) A "boom" is a timber or metal section or strut, pivoted or hinged at the heel (lower end) at a location fixed in height on a frame or mast or vertical member, and with its point (upper end) supported by chains, ropes, or rods to the upper end of the frame mast, or vertical member. A rope for raising and lowering the load is reeved through sheaves or a block at the boom point. The length of the boom shall be taken as the straight line distance between the axis of the foot pin and the axis of the boom point sheave pin, or where used, the axis of the upper load block attachment pin.

(13) "Boom harness" means the block and sheave arrangement on the boom point to which the topping lift cable is reeved for lowering and raising the boom.

(14) The "boom point" is the outward end of the top section of the boom.

(15) "Derrick bullwheel" means a horizontal ring or wheel, fastened to the foot of a derrick, for the purpose of turning the derrick by means of ropes leading from this wheel to a powered drum.

(16) "Designated" means selected or assigned by the employer or employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.

(17) "Eye" means a loop formed at the end of a rope by securing the dead end to the live end at the base of the loop.

(18) A "fiddle block" is a block consisting of two sheaves in the same plane held in place by the same cheek plates.

(19) The "foot bearing" or "foot block" (sill block) is the lower support on which the mast rotates.

(20) A "gudgeon pin" is a pin connecting the mast cap to the mast allowing rotation of the mast.

(21) A "guy" is a rope used to steady or secure the mast or other member in the desired position.

(22) "Load, working" means the external load, in pounds, applied to the derrick, including the weight of load attaching equipment such as load blocks, shackles, and slings.

(23) "Load block, lower" means the assembly of sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope.

(24) "Load block, upper" means the assembly of sheaves, pins, and frame suspended from the boom.

(25) "Mast" means the upright member of the derrick.

(26) "Mast cap (spider)" means the fitting at the top of the mast to which the guys are connected.

(27) "Reeving" means a rope system in which the rope travels around drums and sheaves.

(28) "Rope" refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified.

(29) "Safety hook" means a hook with a latch to prevent slings or load from accidentally slipping off the hook.

(30) "Side loading" is a load applied at an angle to the vertical plane of the boom.

(31) The "sill" is a member connecting the foot block and stiffleg or a member connecting the lower ends of a double member mast.

(32) A "standby derrick" is a derrick not in regular service which is used occasionally or intermittently as required.

(33) "Stiff leg" means a rigid member supporting the mast at the head.

(34) "Swing" means rotation of the mast and/or boom for movements of loads in a horizontal direction about the axis of rotation.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24501, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24501, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24503 General requirements.

(1) Application. This section applies to guy, stiffleg, basket, breast, gin pole, Chicago boom and A-frame derricks of the stationary type, capable of handling loads at variable reaches and powered by hoists through systems of rope reeving, used to perform lifting hook work, single or multiple line bucket work, grab, grapple, and magnet work. Derricks may be permanently installed for temporary use as in construction work. The requirements of this section also apply to any modification of these types which retain their fundamental features, except for floating derricks.

(2) New and existing equipment. All new derricks constructed and installed on or after the effective date of these standards shall meet the design specifications of the "American National Standards Institute, Safety Code for Derricks, ANSI B30.6-1969." Derricks constructed prior to the effective date of these standards should be modified to conform to these design specifications by December 31, 1973 unless it can be shown that the derrick cannot feasibly or economically be altered and that the derrick substantially complies with the requirements of this section.

(a) Operating controls shall be marked or an explanation of the controls shall be posted in full view of the operator.

(b) Cranes or derricks having a movable working boom shall have a radius or boom angle indicator installed. This shall be located where the operator can readily read it from the normal operating position.

(c) Top of boom painted. The top six feet of the boom or jib shall be painted bright yellow.

(3) Designated personnel. Only designated personnel shall be permitted to operate a derrick covered by this section.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-24-24503, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94; Order 76-6, § 296-24-24503, filed 3/1/76; Order 73-5, § 296-24-24503, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24503, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24505 Load ratings.

(1) Rated load marking. For permanently installed derricks with fixed lengths of boom, guy, and mast, a substantial, durable, and clearly legible rating chart shall be provided with each derrick and securely affixed where it is visible to personnel responsible for the safe operation of the equipment. The chart shall include the following data:

(a) Manufacturer's approved load ratings at corresponding ranges of boom angle or operating radii.

(b) Specific lengths of components on which the load ratings are based.

(c) Required parts for hoist reeving. Size and construction of rope may be shown either on the rating chart or in the operating manual.

(2) Nonpermanent installations. For nonpermanent installations, the employer shall provide sufficient information from which capacity charts can be prepared for the particular installation. The capacity charts shall be located at the derricks or the jobsite office.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24505, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24505, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24507 Inspection.

(1) Inspection classification.

(a) Prior to initial use all new and altered derricks shall be inspected to insure compliance with the provisions of these standards.

(b) Inspection procedure for derricks in regular service is divided into two general classifications based upon the intervals at which inspection should be performed. The intervals in turn are dependent upon the nature of the critical components of the derrick and the degree of their exposure to wear, deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifications are herein designated as frequent and periodic with respective intervals between inspections as defined below:

(i) Frequent inspection - daily to monthly intervals.

(ii) Periodic inspection - 1- to 12-month intervals, or as specified by the manufacturer.

(2) Frequent inspection. Items such as the following shall be inspected for defects at intervals as defined in (1)(b)(i) of this section or as specifically indicated, including observation during operation for any defects which might appear between regular inspections. Deficiencies shall be carefully examined for any safety hazard.

(a) All control mechanisms: Inspect daily for adjustment, wear, and lubrication.

(b) All chords and lacing: Inspect daily, visually.

(c) Tension in guys: Daily.

(d) Plumb of the mast.

(e) Deterioration or leakage in air or hydraulic systems: Daily.

(f) Derrick hooks for deformations or cracks; for hooks with cracks or having more than 15 percent in excess of normal throat opening or more than 10° twist from the plane of the unbent hook, refer to WAC 296-24-24511 (3)(c).

(g) Rope reeving; visual inspection for noncompliance with derrick manufacturer's recommendations.

(h) Hoist brakes, clutches, and operating levers: Check daily for proper functioning before beginning operations.

(i) Electrical apparatus for malfunctioning, signs of excessive deterioration, dirt, and moisture accumulation.

(3) Periodic inspection.

(a) Complete inspections of the derrick shall be performed at intervals as generally defined in (1)(b)(ii) of this section depending upon its activity, severity of service, and environment, or as specifically indicated below. These inspections shall include the requirements of (2) of this section and in addition, items such as the following. Deficiencies shall be carefully examined and a determination made as to whether they constitute a safety hazard:

(i) Structural members for deformations, cracks, and corrosion.

(ii) Bolts or rivets for tightness.

(iii) Parts such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, sheaves, drums, rollers, locking and clamping devices, for wear, cracks, and distortion.

(iv) Gudgeon pin for cracks, wear, and distortion each time the derrick is to be erected.

(v) Power plants for proper performance and compliance with applicable safety requirements.

(vi) Hooks: Magnetic particle or other suitable crack detecting inspection should be performed at least once each year.

(b) Foundation or supports shall be inspected for continued ability to sustain the imposed loads.

(4) Derricks not in regular use.

(a) A derrick which has been idle for a period of 1 month or more, but less than 6 months, shall be given an inspection conforming with requirements of (2) of this section and WAC 296-24-24513(2) before placing in service.

(b) A derrick which has been idle for a period of over 6 months shall be given a complete inspection conforming with requirements of (2) and (3) of this section and WAC 296-24-24513(3) before placing in service.

(c) Standby derricks shall be inspected at least semiannually in accordance with requirements of (2) of this section and WAC 296-24-24513(3). Those exposed to adverse environment should be inspected more frequently.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24507, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24507, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24509 Testing.

(1) Operational tests. Prior to initial use all new and altered derricks shall be tested to ensure compliance with this section including the following functions:

(a) Load hoisting and lowering.

(b) Boom up and down.

(c) Swing.

(d) Operation of clutches and brakes of hoist.

(2) Anchorages. All anchorages shall be approved by the appointed person. Rock and hairpin anchorages may require special testing.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24509, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24509, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24511 Maintenance.

(1) Preventive maintenance. A preventive maintenance program based on the derrick manufacturer's recommendations shall be established.

(2) Maintenance procedure.

(a) Before adjustments and repairs are started on a derrick the following precautions shall be taken:

(i) The derrick to be repaired shall be arranged so it will cause the least interference with other equipment and operations in the area.

(ii) All hoist drum dogs shall be engaged.

(iii) The main or emergency switch shall be locked in the open position, if an electric hoist is used.

(iv) Warning or out of order signs shall be placed on the derrick and hoist.

(v) The repairs of booms or derricks shall either be made when the booms are lowered and adequately supported or safely tied off.

(vi) A good communication system shall be set up between the hoist operator and the appointed individual in charge of the derrick operations before any work on the equipment is started.

(vii) Welding repairs shall be approved by an appointed person.

(b) After adjustments and repairs have been made the derrick shall not be operated until all guards have been reinstalled, safety devices reactivated, and maintenance equipment removed.

(3) Adjustments and repairs.

(a) Any unsafe conditions disclosed by inspection shall be corrected before operation of the derrick is resumed.

(b) Adjustments shall be maintained to assure correct functioning of components.

(c) Repairs or replacements shall be provided promptly as needed for safe operation. The following are examples of conditions requiring prompt repair or replacement:

(i) Hooks showing defects described in WAC 296-24-24507 (2)(f) shall be discarded.

(ii) All critical parts which are cracked, broken, bent, or excessively worn.

(iii) Pitted or burned electrical contacts should be corrected only by replacement and in sets. Controller parts should be lubricated as recommended by the manufacturer.

(iv) All replacement and repaired parts shall have at least the original safety factor.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24511, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24511, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24513 Rope inspection.

(1) Running ropes. A thorough inspection of all ropes in use shall be made at least once a month and a full written, dated, and signed report of rope condition kept on file where readily available. Any deterioration, resulting in appreciable loss of original strength, such as described below, shall be carefully noted and determination made as to whether further use of the rope would constitute a safety hazard:

(a) Reduction of rope diameter below nominal diameter due to loss of core support, internal or external corrosion, or wear of outside wires.

(b) A number of broken outside wires and the degree of distribution or concentration of such broken wires.

(c) Worn outside wires.

(d) Corroded or broken wires at end connections.

(e) Corroded, cracked, bent, worn, or improperly applied end connections.

(f) Severe kinking, crushing, cutting, or unstranding.

(2) Idle ropes. All rope which has been idle for a period of a month or more due to shutdown or storage of derrick on which it is installed shall be given a thorough inspection before it is placed in service. This inspection shall be for all types of deterioration. A written and dated report of the rope condition shall be available.

(3) Nonrotating ropes. Particular care shall be taken in the inspection of nonrotating rope.

Note: Limited travel ropes. Heavy wear and/or broken wires may occur in sections in contact with equalizer sheaves or other sheaves where rope travel is limited, or with saddles. Particular care shall be taken to inspect ropes at these locations.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24513, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24513, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24515 Operations of derricks. 

Derrick operation shall be directed only by the individual specifically designated for that purpose.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-24515, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24515, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24517 Handling the load.

(1) Size of load.

(a) No derrick shall be loaded beyond the rated load.

(b) When loads approach the maximum rating of the derrick, it shall be ascertained that the weight of the load has been determined within plus or minus 10 percent before it is lifted.

(2) Attaching the load.

(a) The hoist rope shall not be wrapped around the load.

(b) The load shall be attached to the hook by means of slings or other suitable devices.

(3) Moving the load.

(a) The load shall be well secured and properly balanced in the sling or lifting device before it is lifted more than a few inches.

(b) Before starting to hoist, the following conditions shall be noted:

(i) Hoist rope shall not be kinked.

(ii) Multiple part lines shall not be twisted around each other.

(iii) The hook shall be brought over the load in such a manner as to prevent swinging.

(iv) If there is a slack rope condition, it should be determined that the rope is properly seated on the drum and in the sheaves.

(c) During hoisting, care shall be taken that:

(i) There is no sudden acceleration or deceleration of the moving load.

(ii) Load does not contact any obstructions.

(d) A derrick shall not be used for side loading except when specifically authorized by a responsible person who has determined that the various structural components will not be overstressed.

(e) No hoisting, lowering, or swinging shall be done while anyone is on the load or hook.

(f) The operator shall avoid carrying loads over people.

(g) The operator shall test the brakes each time a load approaching the rated load is handled by raising it a few inches and applying the brakes.

(h) Neither the load nor boom shall be lowered below the point where less than two full wraps of rope remain on their respective drums.

(i) When rotating a derrick, sudden starts and stops shall be avoided. Rotational speed shall be such that the load does not swing out beyond the radius at which it can be controlled.

(j) Boom and hoisting rope systems shall not be twisted.

(4) Holding the load.

(a) The operator shall not be allowed to leave the control position while the load is suspended.

(b) People should not be permitted to stand or pass under a load on the hook.

(c) If the load must remain suspended for any considerable length of time, a dog, or pawl and ratchet, or other equivalent means, rather than the brake alone, shall be used to hold the load.

(5) Use of winch heads.

(a) Ropes shall not be handled on a winch head without the knowledge of the operator.

(b) While a winch head is being used, the operator shall be within convenient reach of the power unit control lever.

(6) Securing boom. Dogs, pawls, or other positive holding mechanism on the hoist shall be engaged. When not in use, the derrick boom shall:

(a) Be laid down;

(b) Be secured to a stationary member, as nearly under the head as possible, by attachment of a sling to the load block; or

(c) Be hoisted to a vertical position and secured to the mast.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-24-24517, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94; Order 73-5, § 296-24-24517, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24517, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-24519 Other requirements.

(1) Guards.

(a) Exposed moving parts, such as gears, ropes, setscrews, projecting keys, chains, chain sprockets, and reciprocating components, which constitute a hazard under normal operating conditions shall be guarded.

(b) Guards shall be securely fastened.

(c) Each guard shall be capable of supporting without permanent distortion, the weight of a two hundred-pound person unless the guard is located where it is impossible for a person to step on it.

(2) Hooks.

(a) Hooks shall meet the manufacturer's recommendations and shall not be overloaded.

(b) Safety latch type hooks shall be used or the hooks shall be moused.

(3) Fire extinguishers.

(a) A carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or equivalent fire extinguisher shall be kept in the immediate vicinity of the derrick.

(b) Operating and maintenance personnel shall be familiar with the use and care of the fire extinguishers proved.

(4) Refueling.

(a) Refueling with portable containers shall be done with approved safety type containers equipped with automatic closing spout and flame arrester. Refer to WAC 296-24-58501(19) for definition of approved.

(b) Machines shall not be refueled with the engine running.

(5) Operating near electric powerlines. For operations near overhead electric lines see chapter 296-24 WAC Part L.

(6) Cab or operating enclosure.

(a) Necessary clothing and personnel belongings shall be stored in such a manner as to not interfere with access or operation.

(b) Tools, oilcans, waste, extra fuses, and other necessary articles shall be stored in the toolbox, and shall not be permitted to lie loose in or about the cab or operating enclosure.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 91-24-017 (Order 91-07), § 296-24-24519, filed 11/22/91, effective 12/24/91; 88-23-054 (Order 88-25), § 296-24-24519, filed 11/14/88. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, 49.17.150, and 49.17.240. 79-08-115 (Order 79-9), § 296-24-24519, filed 7/31/79; Order 73-5, § 296-24-24519, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-24519, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-260 Helicopters

NOTE: This rule has been moved into Chapter 296-829, WAC "Helicopters Used as Lifting Machines "

WAC 296-24-293"A" frames.

(1) All timbers for "A" frames shall be of correct size, length, and condition to sustain the maximum contemplated loads.

(2) "A" frame timbers shall be braced with two spreaders spaced one-quarter the length of the "A" frame from each end. Cross bracing shall cross between the two spreaders. Bracing material shall be not less than two-thirds of the rated strength of the "A" frame timbers.

(3) Tie rods (staybolts) of not less than one-twelfth the diameter of the main "A" frame timbers shall be used. Tie rods shall be placed directly above the upper spreader and directly below the lower spreader. Ends of bolts shall be secured at each end with malleable washers and nuts.

(4) The base of the "A" frame shall be securely anchored. Elevating type "A" frames shall be set in pinion-type sockets. Pinion bases shall be securely anchored.

(5) Guy lines shall be of sufficient strength to carry the load imposed upon them and shall be securely fastened in place.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-293, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-293, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-294 Rigging.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-294, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-294, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-29401 Wire rope.

(1) Safe loads. Whenever used in connection with work, employment, occupations or uses to which these standards are applicable, wire rope shall not be subjected to loads in excess of one-fifth the breaking load as given in the schedule of the cable manufacturer. Except as required in standard for material hoists.

(2) Condemned. When cables deteriorate through rust, wear, broken wires, undue strain or other conditions to the extent of fifteen percent of their original strength, use of cables shall be discontinued.

(3) Straps and ribbons. The strap or steel ribbon type of cable shall not be used in the suspension of scaffolding.

(4) Inspections. There shall be not less than monthly inspection of all wire rope in use, and all wire rope must be inspected before put into use.

(5) Fastening. The following methods of fastening and attaching wire rope shall be adhered to:

(a) Sockets. The end of wire rope to be set into socket fittings held securely with molten babbitt or zinc (not lead). The wires of the cable shall be frayed out and each wire bent toward the outside of socket, so that the end of each wire projects well into the depth of the socket. This method of fastening cables should be left in the hands of an experienced workers in this kind of work.

(b) Wrapping. Thimbles spliced into rope and the splice securely wrapped.

(c) Bolted. Thimbles inserted and held in place by at least a three bolt clamp or three U-bolt clips. Clamps shall be of standard size for the sizes of the cable in use.

(d) Lashing. For temporary work, by-passing rope at least twice around large object such as a post, avoiding sharp points and carrying the end back several feet and securing it by clamps, clips or lashing to the cable.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-24-29401, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94; Order 76-29, § 296-24-29401, filed 9/30/76; Order 73-5, § 296-24-29401, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-29401, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-29403 Hemp rope.

(1) Quality. Whenever hemp rope is used it shall be first grade long fiber Manila hemp rope.

(2) Strength. Rope shall not be used to support loads in excess of those given in table for hemp and Manila rope.

(3) Lashed. Supporting ropes shall be double lashed at each point of suspension.

(4) Pads. Where supporting ropes are brought over sharp corners of steel, stone, or other material liable to cut the rope, or are in any other way subject to abrasion, they shall be protected at such points by the use of bagging, wooden blocks or other protective padding.

(5) Knot ends. Rope knots shall have their loose and free ends lashed to the standing part in order to prevent their becoming untied.

(6) Inspection. All ropes shall be inspected before used.

(7) Defective rope. Rope badly frayed, rotted, exposed to the action of acid or caustic, or otherwise defective and unsafe, shall be condemned and destroyed to avoid all possibility of future use by mistake.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-29403, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-29403, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-29405 Hemp and wire rope slings.

(1) Inspection. All rope slings shall be inspected thoroughly and regularly at intervals of not more than one month, and when not in use, shall be stored in a dry place.

(2) Pads. Rope slings shall be protected with pads or blocks when wrapped around sharp edges of structural shapes, casting, etc.

(3) Slip-noose. Slings shall not be used in single strand slip-noose form.

(4) Acids. Hemp rope shall not be used as slings for handling objects contaminated with acid.

(5) How attached. Hand-ropes (guide-ropes) shall not be attached to slings but to hoisting tackle, or (only when necessary) attached to the object handled.

(6) Strength. All slings shall be of sufficient strength for handling the imposed loads. See tables given for hemp and wire ropes.

(7) Double slings. Double slings shall be used on all horizontal loads over twelve feet in length, and the distance between the points where slings are attached shall be sufficient to prevent the load from tipping up endwise.

(8) Spreaders. Spreaders shall be used where there is a danger of sling ends or "hitches" slipping together.

(9) Defective-Destroyed. Defective and unsafe slings shall be destroyed in order to avoid possibility of their being used by mistake.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-29405, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-29405, filed 5/7/73.]

WAC 296-24-29407 Guys. 

Guy wires and ropes shall be of sufficient strength to carry the load imposed upon them and shall be securely fastened in place.

[Order 73-5, § 296-24-29407, filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, § 296-24-29407, filed 5/7/73.]

296-24 Part D (Continued)