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Searchers Hunt Giant Worm in Northwest

By NICHOLAS K. GERANIOS

posted: 1 DAY 2 HOURS AGO

comments: 203

filed under: Science News

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MOSCOW, Idaho (July 11) - The giant Palouse earthworm has taken on mythic qualities in this vast agricultural region that stretches from eastern Washington into the Idaho panhandle — its very name evoking the fictional sandworms from "Dune" or those vicious creatures from the movie "Tremors."

The worm is said to secrete a lily-like smell when handled, spit at predators, and live in burrows 15 feet deep. There have been only a handful of sightings.

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But scientists hope to change that this summer with researchers scouring the Palouse region in hopes of finding more of the giant earthworms. Conservationists also want the Obama administration to protect the worm as an endangered species, even though little research has been done on it.

The worm may be elusive, but there's no doubt it exists, said Jodi Johnson-Maynard, a University of Idaho professor who is leading the search for the worm. To prove it, she pulled out a glass tube containing the preserved remains of a fat, milky-white worm. One of Johnson-Maynard's graduate students found this specimen in 2005, and it is the only confirmed example of the species.

The worm in the tube is about 6 inches long, well short of the 3 feet that early observers of the worms in the late 1890s described. Documented collections of the species, known locally as GPE, have occurred only in 1978, 1988, 1990 and 2005.

The farmers who work the rich soil of the Palouse — 2 million acres of rolling wheat fields near the Idaho-Washington border south of Spokane — also have had little experience with the worm.

Gary Budd, who manages a grain elevator in Uniontown, said no farmer he knows has talked about seeing the worm. He compared the creature to Elvis.

"He gets spotted once in awhile too," Budd joked.

Johnson-Maynard and her team of worm hunters are working this summer at a university research farm and using three different methods to try and find a living worm.

One involves just digging a hole and sifting the soil through a strainer, looking for any worms that can be studied.

The second involves old-fashioned chemical warfare, pouring a liquid solution of vinegar and mustard onto the ground, irritating worms until they come to the surface.

The third method is new to this search, using electricity to shock worms to the surface.

"The electro shocker is pretty cool," said Joanna Blaszczak, a student at Cornell who is spending her summer working to find the worm alongside Shan Xu, a graduate student from Chengdu, China, and support scientist Karl Umiker.

The shocker can deliver up to 480 volts. That makes it dangerous to touch, and it could potentially fry a specimen.

On a recent day, Umiker drove eight 3-foot-long metal rods into the ground in a small circle and connected them to batteries. Then he flipped the switches. The only sound for several minutes was the hum of a cooling fan.

"I'm kind of bummed we haven't seen anything yet," Umiker said.

Eventually, a small rust-colored worm dug its way to the surface. It was not a GPE, but it was collected for study anyway.

The search for the giant worm is reminiscent of efforts in Louisiana, Florida and the swamps of eastern Arkansas to find the elusive ivory-billed woodpecker. The large, black-and-white bird was believed to be extinct until a reported sighting five years ago stirred national experts and federal funding to launch a full-blown campaign to verify its existence. Search efforts later dwindled after biologists and volunteers were unable to find the evidence they were looking for.

The GPE was described as common in the Palouse in the 1890s, according to an 1897 article in The American Naturalist by Frank Smith. Smith's work was based on four samples sent to him by R.W. Doane of Washington State University in nearby Pullman.

Massive agricultural development soon consumed nearly all of the unique Palouse Prairie — a seemingly endless ocean of steep, silty dunes — and appeared to deal a fatal blow to the worm.

They were considered extinct when Idaho graduate student Yaniria Sanchez-de Leon in 2005 stuck a shovel into the ground to collect a soil sample and found the worm that now is in the tube in Johnson-Maynard's office.

Conservation groups quickly petitioned the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to protect the worm as an endangered species, citing as proof the lack of sightings. But the agency said there simply was not enough scientific information to merit a listing.

Conservationists recently filed a second request, saying they had more information. They are also hoping the Obama administration will be more friendly than the Bush administration. The GPE would be the only worm protected as an endangered species.

Doug Zimmer of the Fish and Wildlife Service in Seattle said the agency isn't ready to comment on the petition.

"It's always good to see new information and good science on any species," Zimmer said.

Farmers are keeping a wary eye on the process.

"The concern is whether a listing is going to end up curtailing farming activities," said Dan Wood of the Washington State Farm Bureau. "I don't know if people plan to stop all farming for the possibility of a worm being somewhere."

Most earthworms found in the Northwest originated in Europe, arriving on plants or in soil shipped to the New World. The giant Palouse earthworm is one of the few native species, and has become quite popular with the public.

While it's tough to come by a live GPE, visitors seem happy to take a picture with a dead one. Johnson-Maynard said she has received calls from tourists who want to come to her office and be photographed with the specimen.

"A lot of people are curious about it," she said.

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Copyright 2009 The Associated Press. The information contained in the AP news report may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or otherwise distributed without the prior written authority of The Associated Press. Active hyperlinks have been inserted by AOL.

2009-07-11 20:13:40

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TillLarsen

05:49 AMJul 13 2009

Whether they exist or existed is not the point! Believe that humans will ever know everything that the earth has to offer is a point to ponder!

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Ak841

12:24 AMJul 13 2009

Useing shocks to drive worms out of the earth is nothing new. We have been doing it for 30 yrs

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Skptc101

09:50 PMJul 13 2009

After reading the article and making some phone calls, I immediately dispatched a Spotted Owl to inform the Sasquatch and Elvis, partners in the 'Legends' Brand (tm) moonshine distillery, that I have been successful in locating some farmers near Moscow, ID who can supply the Giant Worms necessary for them to catch the Loch Ness monster and finally separate myth from reality.......

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Skptc101

09:42 PMJul 13 2009

test

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hellenwhite133

09:33 PMJul 13 2009

do u want to date with beautiful girls ?do u want to make friends with young and rich man ?so don't hesitate just join us sugarscupid. c o m.have a try ,u will find the man or the woman u want .

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Volksbulli

08:25 PMJul 13 2009

Wow what an utter waste of time and money

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Launweisel

07:31 PMJul 12 2009

marine worms get that big and longer.

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EarlHSmith

07:25 PMJul 12 2009

Hellooo. If it becomes an endangered species that will be endi of farming in the whole region. We wouldn't want to plow up a worm that fewer than ten people will ever see, and possibly kill it. When are they going to make humans endangered and stop sending them off to war? Just a thought.

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bulgeinmyplants

07:25 PMJul 12 2009

CATCH EM, TIE EM IN A KNOT, DEEP FRY EM, SELL EM AS PRETZELS.

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Joellen835

07:19 PMJul 12 2009

Oh, I'm sure these conservation idiots will eventually get their way and get the prez to stop all wheat farming to protect a worm hardly ever seen by anyone. Go for it, then, you imbeciles. There are still a few jobs and businesses left in this country that you can try to get rid of. God protect us from the EPA and the conservation groups.

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