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Lung, chest and mediastinum (CT) - Interactive Atlas of Cross-Sectional Anatomy

Atlas-CT

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Method

We have created an anatomical atlas of the chest and the mediastinum that is an interactive tool for studying the cross-sectional anatomy of the normal thorax based on an enhanced multidetector computed tomography with helical angiography of the thorax (axial plane). Anatomical structures are visible as interactive labeled images.

Cross sectional anatomy: CT of the thorax

A CT was performed on a healthy subject, with an axial enhanced acquisition with different windows: parenchyma and mediastinum.
Data and DICOM images stocked on our PACS (Picture Archiving and Communicating System) were processed and exported as JPEG images.
The softwares Macromedia Flash and Adobe Photoshop allow us the development of an atlas based application with a suitable functionality and user interface for exploration of the thorax anatomy.
Anatomical structures were based on the Terminologia Anatomica.

Anatomy of the chest: how to visualize anatomic labels

This atlas is a comprehensive and affordable learning tool for medical students and residents and especially for radiologists and pneumologists.
It provides access to CT images in the axial plane, allowing the user to learn and review the lung anatomy interactively.
Anatomical structures are labeled, providing an invaluable teaching resource. User progress may be evaluated with the test mode.

The horizontal menu allows access to several groups of anatomical structures:
- Pulmonary arteries
- Pulmonray veins
- Segmental bronchi
- Arteries of the mediastinum
- Veins of the mediastinum
- Muscles and layers of the thoracic cavity
- Bones of the thorax
- Nerves

As the cursor is moved over an anatomic area of the lung parenchyma, this segment is highlighted and labeled: this tool has been chosen to show segmental lung anatomy (international and Ikeda).
The left vertical menu provides graphics of the bronchi, with anatomical schemas based on a three dimensional (3D) model (based on a volume rendering extracted from CT).
It also provides a graphic of the regional lymph nodes of the thorax.

Click to enlarge

Labeled anatomical structures

List of labels: thorax anatomy (English, French and Latin (terminologia anatomica)):

Anatomical structures
Anterior basal segment S VIII
Anterior basal segmental artery
Anterior basal segmental bronchus B VIII
Anterior basal vein
Anterior basal vein; Anterior basal branch
Anterior segment S III
Anterior segmental artery
Anterior segmental bronchus B III
Anterior vein; Anterior branch
Anterobasal segmentary artery segmental artery
Aortic arch
Apical segment S I
Apical segmental artery
Apical segmental bronchus B I
Apical vein; Apical branch
Apicoposterior segment S III
Apicoposterior segmental bronchus B III
Apicoposterior vein
Arch of azygos vein
Arteries
Ascending aorta
Azygos vein
B1+2A
B1+2B
B1+2C
B10A
B10B
B10C
B1A
B1B
B2A
B2B
B3A
B3B
B3C
B4A
B4B
B5A
B5B
B6A
B6B
B6C
B7A
B7B
B8A
B8B
B9A
B9B
Basal part
Body of sternum
Bones
Brachiocephalic trunk
Brachiocephalic vein
Bronche segmentaire basale antérieure (B8)
Clavicle
Common basal vein
Common carotid artery
Common carotid artery
Costal cartilage
Descending aorta
Erector spinae
External intercostal muscle
External oblique
Floating ribs XIXII
Horizontal fissure of right lung
Humerus
Inferior basal vein
Inferior basal vein
Inferior lingular artery
Inferior lingular bronchus B V
Inferior lingular segment S V
Inferior part of lingular vein
Inferior part of lingular vein
Inferior thyroid vein
Inferior vena cava
Infralobar part
Infraspinatus
Intermediate bronchus
Internal jugular vein
Internal thoracic artery
Intersegmental part
Intralobar part
Intrasegmental part
Jugular notch; Suprasternal notch
Lateral basal segment S IX
Lateral basal segmental artery
Lateral basal segmental bronchus B IX
Lateral segment S IV
Lateral segmental artery
Lateral segmental bronchus B IV
Latissimus dorsi
Left atrium
Left auricle
Left coronary artery
Left crus
Left inferior lobar bronchus
Left inferior pulmonary vein
Left main bronchus
Left pulmonary artery
Left superior lobar bronchus
Left superior pulmonary vein
Left ventricle
Lingular bronchus
Liver
Manubrium of sternum
Medial basal segment S VII
Medial basal segmental artery
Medial basal segmental bronchus B VII
Medial part
Medial segment S V
Medial segmental artery
Medial segmental bronchus B V
Mediastinum
Middle lobar bronchus
Muscles
Nerves
Oblique fissure
Oesophagus
Other structures
Parenchyma
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Pericardium
Phrenic nerve
Phrenic nerve
Posterior basal segment S X
Posterior basal segmental artery
Posterior basal segmental bronchus B X
Posterior intercostal arteries
Posterior segment S II
Posterior segmental artery
Posterior segmental bronchus B II
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary veins
Rectus abdominis
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Rhomboid major
Right atrium
Right auricle
Right coronary artery
Right crus
Right inferior lobar bronchus
Right inferior pulmonary vein
Right main bronchus
Right pulmonary artery
Right superior lobar bronchus
Right superior pulmonary vein
Right ventricle
Scapula
Segmental bronchi
Serratus anterior
Spinal cord
Spleen
Sternocleidomastoid
Stomach
Subclavian artery
Subclavian vein
Subscapularis
Subsegmental bronchi
Superior basal vein
Superior branch
Superior lingular artery
Superior lingular bronchus B IV
Superior lingular segment S IV
Superior lobar arteries
Superior part of lingular vein
Superior segment S VI
Superior segmental artery
Superior segmental artery (LIL)
Superior segmental artery (LIL)
Superior segmental bronchus B VI
Superior vein; Superior branch
Superior vena cava
Supraspinatus
Supreme intercostal vein
Sympathetic trunk
T1
T10
T11
T12
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
Teres major
Thymus
Thyroïde
Trachea
Trapezius
Vagus nerve X
Veins
Vertebral artery
Xiphoid process

Segmental anatomy

	Terminologia Anatomica / Ikeda / BTS				Jackson et Huber	Boyden
	Bronchus	Artery	Veins	Broncho-pulmonar segments		Bronchi
RSL	B1	A1	V1	S1	Apical	B1
	B2	A2	V2	S2	Posterior	B3
	B3	A3	V3	S3	Anterior	B2
LM	B4	A4	V4	S4	lateral	B4
	B5	A5	V5	S5	medial	B5
RIL	B6	A6	V6	S6	Superior	B6
	B7	A7	V7	S7	Basal medial	B7
	B8	A8	V8	S8	Basal anterior	B8
	B9	A9	V9	S9	Basal latera	B9
	B10	A10	V10	S10	Basal posterior	B10
LSL culmen	B1+2	A1+2	V1+2	S1+2	Apico-dorsal	B1+3
	B3	A3	V3	S3	anterior	B2
LSL lingula	B4	A4	V4	S4	Superior	B4
	B5	A5	V5	S5	Inferior	B5
LIL	B6	A6	V6	S6	Superior	B6
	B7+8	A7+8	V7+8	S7+8	antero-medial	B7+8
	B9	A9	V9	S9	Basal lateral	B9
	B10	A10	V10	S10	Basal posterior	B10

Click to enlarge

Comments (5)

Online comments and discussions.

Ask questions, write comments and remarks:

Ribs, April 01, 2008

By maria pe al

The ribs are always named as floating ribs. It´s very confused cause some of them are articulated with vertebras.

T1 is articulated with the firs rib, isn´t it?

Relevant comment ?

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awesome, February 08, 2008

By adam edelstein

awesome means extraordinary, amazing, super, great etc. [complimentary]

IT- information technology [technical support]

keppra [anti epileptic drug]- an attempt at humor to reconcile the trachea label flashing continuously in the absence of having IT address the situation

sorry for the confusion-

I love this site and recommend it to everyone i know

Français ?

Etc. impressionnants de moyens extraordinaires, de stupéfier, superbes, grands. [élogieux]

IL technologie de l'information [appui technique]

keppra [drogue anti épileptique] - une tentative d'humeur de réconcilier l'étiquette de trachée clignotant sans interruption en l'absence de la faire adresser la situation

désolé pour la confusion

J'aime cet emplacement et le recommande à chacun que je sais