(New World origins / craniometrics / prehistoric population
relationships)
* Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes
Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Communicated by Kent V. Flannery, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI, June 18, 2001 (received for review January 2, 2001)
Human craniofacial data were used to assess the similarities
and differences between recent and prehistoric Old World samples, and
between these samples and a similar representation of samples from the
New World. The data were analyzed by the neighbor-joining clustering
procedure, assisted by bootstrapping and by canonical discriminant
analysis score plots. The first entrants to the Western Hemisphere of
maybe 15,000 years ago gave rise to the continuing native inhabitants
south of the U.S.-Canadian border. These show no close association
with any known mainland Asian population. Instead they show ties to the
Ainu of Hokkaido and their Jomon predecessors in prehistoric Japan and
to the Polynesians of remote Oceania. All of these also have ties to
the Pleistocene and recent inhabitants of Europe and may represent an
extension from a Late Pleistocene continuum of people across the
northern fringe of the Old World. With roots in both the northwest and
the northeast, these people can be described as Eurasian. The route of
entry to the New World was at the northwestern edge. In contrast, the Inuit (Eskimo), the Aleut, and the Na-Dene speakers who had penetrated as far as the American Southwest within the last 1,000 years show more
similarities to the mainland populations of East Asia. Although both
the earlier and later arrivals in the New World show a mixture of
traits characteristic of the northern edge of Old World occupation and
the Chinese core of mainland Asia, the proportion of the latter is
greater for the more recent entrants.
Anthropology
Old World sources of the first New World human inhabitants: A
comparative craniofacial view
,
,
, and
Department of Anthropology,
University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071; § Department
of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
¶ Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social
Sciences, 27 Wangfujing Dajie, Beijing 100710, China;
Department of Anatomy, Chengdu College of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, 13 Xing Lo Road, Chengdu, Sichuan,
People's Republic of China; and ** Department of Anthropology,
Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar-51, Mongolia
To whom reprint requests should be addressed.
E-mail: clbrace{at}umich.edu.
www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.171305898
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