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http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/07/world/asia/07korea.html
Bush Writes to North Korean Leader
By HELENE COOPER
Published: December 7, 2007
WASHINGTON, Dec. 6 - President Bush, directly engaging the man he publicly called a “tyrant,” wrote a letter to North Korea’s leader, Kim Jong-il, in which he held out the prospect of normalized relations with the United States if North Korea fully discloses its nuclear programs and dismantles its nuclear reactor, administration officials said Thursday.
The high-level personal missive from Mr. Bush to the leader of the country he placed in his “axis of evil” in 2002 was sent as American negotiators struggle to get the secretive North Korean government to fully explain and disclose the extent, use and spread of its nuclear material and technology. At the same time, the United States is also urging other nations to maintain pressure on Iran in the wake of a new assessment that Tehran halted nuclear weapons work in 2003.
Mr. Bush addressed the letter “Dear Mr. Chairman,” and urged the enigmatic North Korean leader to disclose all of his country’s past and present nuclear work. “I want to emphasize that the declaration must be complete and accurate if we are to continue our progress,” the letter said, according to a senior administration official.
The letter closed, “Sincerely, George W. Bush.” It was signed by hand, administration officials said.
While administration officials described the letter as straightforward, its very existence underscores just how much the White House wants to ensure that one of the administration’s scarce, tangible diplomatic accomplishments does not slip away.
North Korea agreed in October to dismantle all of its nuclear facilities and to disclose all of its past and present nuclear programs by the end of the year in return for about a million tons of fuel oil or its equivalent in economic aid. That agreement has come under fierce criticism from national security hawks, but many foreign policy experts point to it as a rare diplomatic success in a period that has been dominated by frustration in Iran, the Middle East and Pakistan.
The White House declined to provide copies of the letter and sought to minimize its significance by pointing out that Mr. Bush had written letters to the leaders of all the other countries in the so-called six-party group that had been working to end North Korea’s nuclear program.
“In these letters, the president reiterated our commitment to the six-party talks and stressed the need for North Korea to come forward with a full and complete declaration of their nuclear programs, as called for in the September 2005 six-party agreement,” said Gordon D. Johndroe, a White House spokesman.
But Mr. Bush talks to the leaders of the other countries ? China, Russia, Japan and South Korea ? on a regular basis. And the letters were not identical, administration officials said. “The letter to Kim Jong-il speaks of the six-party process and its historical mission, and lays out a vision of normalization and complete denuclearization,” a senior administration official said, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to comment on the letters publicly. “They are all different.”
Another administration official said the letter emphasized the need to resolve three sticking points: the number of warheads North Korea built, the amount of weapons-grade nuclear material it produced and the need for North Korea to disclose what nuclear material and knowledge it has received from other countries and what nuclear material and knowledge it has passed on to other countries.
The proliferation issue has taken on new importance since an Israeli strike in Syria in September, which administration and Israeli officials say was conducted against a nuclear plant near the Euphrates River that was supplied with material from North Korea. Administration officials want North Korea to disclose what help it may have given Syria, although they also acknowledge that any such assistance occurred before North Korea agreed to dismantle its nuclear reactor and disclose its nuclear programs.
Christopher R. Hill, the assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs, and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice indicated on Thursday that Dec. 31 was not a hard and fast deadline for the disclosure, and that it could slip a few days or even weeks.
The letter to Mr. Kim is dated Dec. 1, administration officials said. Mr. Hill delivered it to his North Korean counterpart in Beijing on Wednesday. Within hours, North Korea announced that Mr. Kim had received the letter.
The White House letter is a huge reversal from the veritable cold war that has existed between Mr. Bush and Mr. Kim for most of the Bush administration. In 2002, Mr. Bush referred to Mr. Kim as a “pygmy” and compared him to a “spoiled child at a dinner table” during a meeting with Republican senators, according to news reports at the time.
In his State of the Union address that same year, Mr. Bush called Mr. Kim’s government “a regime arming with missiles and weapons of mass destruction, while starving its citizens.” During a news conference in 2005, Mr. Bush called Mr. Kim a “tyrant” and said he maintained “concentration camps.”
The letter struck a more cordial tone. “I would describe it as a presidential letter to another leader of a country,” said Dana Perino, the White House press secretary.
Mr. Hill, who was recently in North Korea’s capital, Pyongyang, and was in Beijing on Wednesday for meetings with some of his counterparts in the talks, has advised the North to make a full disclosure of its nuclear programs, as it agreed to in October. North Korea seemed to be on the verge of making a limited disclosure, perhaps as a negotiating ploy before Dec. 31, the tentative deadline, administration officials said.
Administration officials are walking something of a tightrope between pressing hard for the declaration and compromising with North Korean negotiators to get one and declare victory. Several senior officials said they were mindful of criticism from national security hawks in Washington, who do not want to see a deal go through because they do not believe that North Korea will abide by it.
“This is like Lucy and Charlie Brown and the football,” said John R. Bolton, the former United States ambassador to the United Nations. “How many times are we going to go through this with them?”
Steven Lee Myers and David E. Sanger contributed reporting.
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