(cache) 男と同じように働きたがらないノルウェーの女

ノルウェーの女の働き方についての記事の紹介です。

子供の数が多い女ほど公的セクターで働く傾向にあります。民間に比べて仕事と子育てを両立させやすいことが理由と考えられます。

“The public sector is seen as more family friendly than the private sector", Schøne says.

The probability that a woman will work in the public sector increases with the number of children she has, Schøne’s study also shows.

More part-time jobs and traditionally higher job security could be one of the lures, he believes, although his study design does not allow him to say anything about causality.

実際、パートタイム労働の割合は女が男を大きく上回っています。週平均労働時間（2014年）も男37.0時間に対して女は31.5時間（男の約85%）にとどまっています。

f:id:prof_nemuro:20160114104356g:plain

参考として日本も示します。

f:id:prof_nemuro:20160115000943g:plain

女の5割弱が公的セクターで働くため、公的セクター雇用者の7割弱が女で占められています。

f:id:prof_nemuro:20160114104347g:plain

f:id:prof_nemuro:20160114104349g:plain

もっとも、この研究の注目点はここではなく、子供の有無にかかわらず、女は公的セクターで働きたがることにあります。

…, Schøne found that some women did shift from the private to the public sector after they had children. But having children only increased the likelihood of working in the public sector by 3 percentage points. At the same time, as many as 40 per cent of women without children also chose to work in the public sector.

This may indicate that there are reasons that are far more important than having children in determining why women are over-represented in the public sector.

その理由としては、

女が好む職種（保育士、看護師、介護士など）が公的セクターに多い
女は男に比べてリスクを嫌う（高収入よりも安定を重視）

などが考えられますが、男女差の無い専門性が高いキャリア志向の職種でも、子供ができると女は男よりも公的セクターに移る傾向があります。

… a survey of 3,900 lawyers, economists and engineers and found that these career women were also more likely than men to switch to the public sector once they had children.

さて、この現象の解釈ですが、